Leadership, Workplace Culture, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Muslim Women-Owned Businesses
Keywords:
Employee Performance, Job Satisfaction, Leadership, Muslimah Entrepreneur, Workplace Culture
Abstract
To enhance business productivity and competitiveness, Muslim female entrepreneurs in Purbalingga Regency need to address challenges in human resource management. Adopting the perspective of workplace happiness, this quantitative study examines the influence of work culture and leadership on employee performance. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using the SEM-PLS method (SmartPLS 4). The findings reveal that work culture (0.530; p=0.000) and leadership (0.358; p=0.000) significantly influence increased job satisfaction. However, employee performance is not significantly influenced by corporate culture (0.110; p=0.369) or leadership (-0.041; p=0.694). Conversely, workplace happiness acts as a comprehensive mediator, significantly improving employee performance (0.504; p=0.000). The research model explains 31.8% of the variation in employee performance (R² = 0.318) and 68.5% of the variation in job satisfaction (R² = 0.685). In conclusion, leadership and work culture do not automatically boost employee performance; rather, job satisfaction serves as a necessary bridge. Muslim female entrepreneurs are advised to prioritize enhancing staff job satisfaction by adopting trustworthy leadership approaches and fostering a supportive Islamic work culture.
References
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Putra, R. S., Candana, D. M., & Azka, B. P. (2024). Analisis pengaruh motivasi dan lama kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening pada Puskesmas Batipuh. Profit: Jurnal Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(4), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.58192/profit.v3i4.2549
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Riyadi, S., & Sugeng, A. (2024). Kriteria leadership dalam Al-Qur'an: Kajian tafsir dan implementasinya dalam organisasi syariah. Mushaf: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam, 2(2), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.5281/mushaf.v2i2.1049
Riyanto, S., Pratama, A., & Suhari, C. (2024). Mediating role of job satisfaction in organizational climate and employee performance relationship. Journal of Human Resource Studies, 12(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.5296/jhrs.v12i1.21542
Sari, D. A., & Amalia, R. (2025). Kepemimpinan Islam, komitmen organisasi, dan kepuasan kerja pada bisnis kuliner berbasis syariah. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah, 4(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.24036/jrabs.v4i1.884
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Simarmata, H., Sarifiyono, A. P., & Abdurrohman, M. A. (2026). Developing a human resource development model for women entrepreneurs in Indonesian MSMEs. Journal of Business and Management Inaba, 5(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.56140/jbmi.v5i1.121
Sodiq, A., Tri Ratnasari, R., & Mawardi, I. (2024). Analysis of the effect of Islamic Leadership and Job Satisfaction on sharia engagement and employee performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), Article 2362772. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2362772
Suharyati, S., & Handayani, T. (2024). Keterbatasan literasi digital dan kemampuan manajerial sebagai kendala daya saing UMKM perempuan. Jurnal Kewirausahaan dan Usaha Kecil, 8(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.24912/jkuk.v8i1.1523
Sulaeman, M., Metris, D., & Priyanto, R. (2024). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. AMU Press, 1-135.
Supriatin, D., & Priyanto, R. (2026). Kepuasan dan Stres Kerja Sebagai Determinan Turnover Intention. PJEB: Perwira Journal of Economics & Business, 6(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.54199/9c783d49
Wiharti, G., Isnurhadi, I., & Hadjr, M. I. (2024). The influence of organizational culture on employee performance with work discipline as an intervening variable at PT Bersama Makmur Raharja Padang. Gema Wiralodra, 15(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.31940/gw.v15i1.658
Armstrong, M., & Taylor, S. (2023). Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice (16th ed.). Kogan Page.
Barney, J. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108
Barney, J. B., Wright, M., & Ketchen, D. J. (2021). Resource-based theory: Creating and sustaining competitive advantage for 30 years. Journal of Management, 47(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320962228
Bili, M. G., Amalo, O. S. C., Man, S., & Djuang, G. (2024). The influence of competency, leadership and organizational culture mediated by job satisfaction on the performance of General Bureau Employees of the Regional Secretariat of East Nusa Tenggara Province. Manajemen dan Bisnis, 23(2), 491–504. https://doi.org/10.24123/mabis.v23i2.811
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. John Wiley & Sons.
Cropanzano, R., Anthony, E. L., Daniels, S. R., & Hall, A. V. (2017). Social exchange theory: A critical review with theoretical remedies. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 479–516. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2015.0099
Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Purbalingga. (2024). Laporan perkembangan UMKM berbasis ekonomi syariah Kabupaten Purbalingga tahun 2024. Dinas Koperasi dan UKM Kabupaten Purbalingga.
Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan. (2024). Kajian ekonomi dan keuangan regional: Kontribusi sektor UMKM dalam perekonomian nasional. Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia.
Firawati, F., Rahaman, A., & Nurdin, N. (2024). Penerapan budaya kerja Islami terhadap peningkatan kinerja karyawan pada usaha mikro. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, 9(2), 112–125. https://doi.org/10.24239/jebi.v9i2.312
Graen, G. B., & Uhl-Bien, M. (1995). Relationship-based approach to leadership: Development of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership over 25 years: Applying a multi-domain perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 6(2), 219–247. https://doi.org/10.1016/1048-9843(95)90036-5
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Indrayani, I., Nurhatisyah, N., Damsar, D., & Wibisono, C. (2025). How does millennial employee job satisfaction affect performance? Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 15(1), 22–40. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-08-2023-0215
Irawan, B., & Sumartik. (2024). Employee performance: Organizational culture, occupational health and safety (K3), with job satisfaction as a mediator. Academia Open, 9(2), 5561. https://doi.org/10.21070/acopen.9.2024.5561
Juniarta, P. P., Saputra, K. W. A., & Suryani, E. (2023). Pengelolaan sumber daya manusia dan efektivitas kerja dalam meningkatkan kinerja usaha mikro. Jurnal Riset Manajemen dan Bisnis, 8(1), 33–42. https://doi.org/10.36407/jrmb.v8i1.782
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital Republik Indonesia. (2026). Profil pemberdayaan perempuan dan UMKM digital di Indonesia. Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital RI.
Khayumiyah, K., Suswati, E., & Kresnani, E. (2023). Analisis peran kepuasan kerja sebagai mediasi pengaruh kepemimpinan dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja pengawas ketenagakerjaan Korwil II Malang. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 20(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.26905/jem.v20i2.7201
Laksmi, P. A. S., & Kandari, A. G. (2024). The role of job satisfaction in mediating the influence of leadership and work environment on employee performance in the General Section of the Raja Ampat Regional Secretariat. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Jagaditha, 11(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.22225/jj.11.2.2024.217-233
Martin, R., Guillaume, Y., Thomas, G., Lee, A., & Epitropaki, O. (2016). Leader–member exchange (LMX) measurement: A meta-analysis of LMX development and high-quality relationships. Journal of Applied Psychology, 101(4), 561–600. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000062
Noeradiana, A., & Ismaniar, I. (2024). The effect of leadership and organizational culture on employee performance through job satisfaction. Journal of Applied Digital Business and Management, 1(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.108214
Northouse, P. G. (2022). Leadership: Theory and practice (9th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Nurimansjah, R. A., Erwina, E., Anggoro, K. R., Mya, R., & Hamid, M. A. (2024). Employee performance: Exploring transformational leadership, organizational culture and employee engagement as a mediator in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise food sector. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen, 22(4), 955–969. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jam.2024.022.04.08
Priyanto, R., & Supriatin, D. (2026). OPTIMALISASI KINERJA KARYAWAN MELALUI K3 DAN DISIPLIN KERJA. Perwira Journal of Economics & Business, 6(2), 203-220. https://doi.org/10.54199/9c783d49
Putra, R. S., Candana, D. M., & Azka, B. P. (2024). Analisis pengaruh motivasi dan lama kerja terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening pada Puskesmas Batipuh. Profit: Jurnal Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 3(4), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.58192/profit.v3i4.2549
Rabbad, A., Siregar, H., & Lubis, M. (2024). The impact of Islamic work ethic and job satisfaction on employee productivity in faith-based organizations. International Journal of Islamic Business and Management, 8(1), 14–29. https://doi.org/10.20472/ijibm.2024.8.1.002
Rachman, Z., Guampe, F. A., Koto, S. K., Norman, E., Possumah, L. M. A., Winanti, A., ... & Syahputra, R. (2024). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Penerbit Mifandi Mandiri Digital, 1(01).
Ratnaningrum, L. P., Hartatik, H., & Rukmana, A. Y. (2024). Pengaruh nilai-nilai budaya kerja Islami terhadap keterikatan dan kinerja karyawan UMKM. Jurnal Manajemen Syariah Indonesia, 5(2), 201–215. https://doi.org/10.32535/jmsi.v5i2.1124
Riyadi, S., & Sugeng, A. (2024). Kriteria leadership dalam Al-Qur'an: Kajian tafsir dan implementasinya dalam organisasi syariah. Mushaf: Jurnal Hukum dan Ekonomi Islam, 2(2), 306–312. https://doi.org/10.5281/mushaf.v2i2.1049
Riyanto, S., Pratama, A., & Suhari, C. (2024). Mediating role of job satisfaction in organizational climate and employee performance relationship. Journal of Human Resource Studies, 12(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.5296/jhrs.v12i1.21542
Sari, D. A., & Amalia, R. (2025). Kepemimpinan Islam, komitmen organisasi, dan kepuasan kerja pada bisnis kuliner berbasis syariah. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis Syariah, 4(1), 15–28. https://doi.org/10.24036/jrabs.v4i1.884
Sari, M., Utami, N., & Wijaya, K. (2024). Pengaruh lingkungan kerja dan kompensasi terhadap kinerja karyawan melalui kepuasan kerja. Jurnal Riset Manajemen, 11(2), 142–155. https://doi.org/10.21002/jrm.v11i2.1302
Schein, E. H., & Schein, P. A. (2017). Organizational culture and leadership (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons.
Simarmata, H., Sarifiyono, A. P., & Abdurrohman, M. A. (2026). Developing a human resource development model for women entrepreneurs in Indonesian MSMEs. Journal of Business and Management Inaba, 5(1), 70–90. https://doi.org/10.56140/jbmi.v5i1.121
Sodiq, A., Tri Ratnasari, R., & Mawardi, I. (2024). Analysis of the effect of Islamic Leadership and Job Satisfaction on sharia engagement and employee performance of Islamic Banks in Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), Article 2362772. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2362772
Suharyati, S., & Handayani, T. (2024). Keterbatasan literasi digital dan kemampuan manajerial sebagai kendala daya saing UMKM perempuan. Jurnal Kewirausahaan dan Usaha Kecil, 8(1), 45–59. https://doi.org/10.24912/jkuk.v8i1.1523
Sulaeman, M., Metris, D., & Priyanto, R. (2024). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. AMU Press, 1-135.
Supriatin, D., & Priyanto, R. (2026). Kepuasan dan Stres Kerja Sebagai Determinan Turnover Intention. PJEB: Perwira Journal of Economics & Business, 6(1), 25–39. https://doi.org/10.54199/9c783d49
Wiharti, G., Isnurhadi, I., & Hadjr, M. I. (2024). The influence of organizational culture on employee performance with work discipline as an intervening variable at PT Bersama Makmur Raharja Padang. Gema Wiralodra, 15(1), 19–31. https://doi.org/10.31940/gw.v15i1.658
Published
2026-10-02
How to Cite
Supriatin, D., Pratiwi, A. R., Sipahutar, L., & widiasari, K. (2026). Leadership, Workplace Culture, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in Muslim Women-Owned Businesses. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(04), 2397-2414. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.6750
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Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
