Evaluating Non-Physical Special Allocation Funds for Women and Children Protection Services in Indonesia

Indra Rahmadi; Yuli Rosa Rahmayanti; Nurliah Nurdin

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.6468

Indra Rahmadi NIPA School of Administration, Indonesia
Yuli Rosa Rahmayanti Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection, Indonesia
Nurliah Nurdin NIPA School of Administration, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.6468

Keywords: DAK NF PPA; fiscal transfers; women and children protection; violence victim services; institutional capacity; OECD-DAC.

Abstract

This study evaluates the performance and contribution of the Non-Physical Special Allocation Fund for Women and Children Protection (DAK NF PPA) in supporting protection services for women and children who are victims of violence at the subnational level in Indonesia. Although the government has sought to strengthen service delivery through fiscal transfers, empirical evidence on the effectiveness of this funding mechanism remains limited. The study addresses this gap by evaluating the contribution of DAK NF PPA to local service delivery and identifying the institutional and implementation factors that shape its performance. The study employs an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. The first phase involved analyzing secondary data, including budget execution reports, rapid assessments, implementation records, and institutional data, to assess program performance. The second phase used in-depth interviews to further explain these findings and examine the contextual, institutional, and implementation factors influencing service outcomes. The evaluation uses the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development–Development Assistance Committee (OECD-DAC) criteria of relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability. The findings indicate that DAK NF PPA supports victim assistance, cross-sectoral coordination, and basic protection services.
However, comprehensive service coverage remained limited in 2025, with only 42.04% of child victims and 45.46% of women victims receiving comprehensive services, highlighting a persistent gap between policy targets and implementation outcomes. Institutional capacity constraints within local technical service units (UPTD PPA) continue to limit the delivery of comprehensive services. This study contributes to the literature on public finance and service delivery by highlighting the importance of strengthening local institutional capacity and aligning
fiscal transfers with measurable service outcomes

References

Adelstein, D. (2013). The connected educator: Learning and leading in a digital
age by Sheryl Nussbaum-Beach and Lani Ritter Hall. American Journal of Distance
Education, 27(1), 73–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2013.757065
Allen, R., Hemming, R., & Potter, B. H. (Eds.). (2013). The international handbook
of public financial management. Palgrave Macmillan.
Bardhan, P., & Mookherjee, D. (2006). Decentralisation and accountability in
infrastructure delivery in developing countries. Economic Journal, 116(508), 101–127.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0297.2006.01049.x
Boadway, R., & Shah, A. (2009). Fiscal federalism: Principles and practice of
multiorder governance. Cambridge University Press.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative
Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Burki, S. J., Perry, G. E., & Dillinger, W. R. (1999). Beyond the center:
Decentralizing the state. The World Bank.
Chandler, R. C., & Plano, J. C. (1988). The public administration dictionary (2nd
ed.). ABC-CLIO.
Conlin, M., & Stirrat, R. L. (2008). Current challenges in development evaluation.
Evaluation, 14(2), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356389007087538
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative,
and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Faguet, J.-P. (2014). Decentralization and governance. World Development, 53, 2
13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.001
Friedrich, C. J. (1963). Man and his government: An empirical theory of politics.
McGraw-Hill.
Grindle, M. S. (2007). Going local: Decentralization, democratization, and the
promise of good governance. Princeton University Press.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2025a). Data
realisasi DAK NF PPA 2021–2025: Aplikasi ALAMANDA dan SIMFONI PPA. Kementerian
PPPA.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2025b).
Laporan kinerja Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak tahun
2025. Kementerian PPPA.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2025c).
Peraturan Menteri PPPA Nomor 2 Tahun 2025 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Dana Alokasi
Khusus Nonfisik Pelayanan Perempuan dan Anak. Kementerian PPPA.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak. (2026). Laporan
asesmen pemanfaatan DAK nonfisik perlindungan perempuan dan anak dan data
kelembagaan UPTD PPA 2026. Kementerian PPPA.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, & Badan Pusat
Statistik. (2024a). Survei pengalaman hidup perempuan nasional (SPHPN) 2024. BPS.
Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak, & Badan Pusat
Statistik. (2024b). Survei nasional pengalaman hidup anak dan remaja (SNPHAR) 2024.
BPS.
Kim, J. (2009). Intergovernmental fiscal transfers in support of decentralization
and democratic governance. In J. Kim (Ed.), Intergovernmental fiscal transfers in Asia (pp.
1–21). Asian Development Bank.
Oates, W. E. (1972). Fiscal federalism. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
OECD. (2019). Better criteria for better evaluation: Revised evaluation criteria
definitions and principles for use. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/33829db0
en
OECD-DAC. (2010). Quality standards for development evaluation. OECD
Publishing.
Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3rd ed.). SAGE
Publications.
Patton, M. Q. (2008). Utilization-focused evaluation (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Pressman, J. L., & Wildavsky, A. (1984). Implementation: How great expectations
in Washington are dashed in Oakland (3rd ed.). University of California Press.
Prud’homme, R. (1995). The dangers of decentralization. The World Bank
Research Observer, 10(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1093/wbro/10.2.201
Republik Indonesia. (2014). Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang
Pemerintahan Daerah. Sekretariat Negara.
Rondinelli, D. A. (1999). What is decentralisation? In J. Litvack & J. Seddon (Eds.),
Decentralisation briefing notes(pp. 2–5). World Bank Institute.
Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Henry, G. T. (2019). Evaluation: A systematic
approach (8th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Schick, A. (2008). Getting performance budgeting to perform. OECD Journal on
Budgeting, 8(3), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1787/budget-v8-art14-en
Shah, A. (2007). A practitioner’s guide to intergovernmental fiscal transfers
(World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 4039). The World Bank.
Smoke, P. (2001). Fiscal decentralization in developing countries: A review of
current concepts and practice(Democracy, Governance and Human Rights Programme
Paper No. 2). UNRISD.
Stiglitz, J. E. (2000). Economics of the public sector (3rd ed.). W.W. Norton &
Company.
Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (2007). Evaluation theory, models, and
applications. Jossey-Bass.
Tiebout, C. M. (1956). A pure theory of local expenditures. Journal of Political
Economy, 64(5), 416–424. https://doi.org/10.1086/257839
Weingast, B. R. (2009). Second generation fiscal federalism: The implications of
fiscal
incentives.
Journal
of
Urban
Economics,
65(3),
279–293.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2008.12.005
Yuli Rosa. (2025). Listening to women: Informing future fiscal planning for DAK
PPA by including beneficiaries in evaluation (Australia Awards Fellowship R19 Action
Project Report). Kementerian PPPA.