The Impact of Kite and Bird Activities on the Management of the Aviation Operational Safety Area (KKOP) at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali
Keywords:
Aviation Safety, Bird Strike, Flight Operational Safety Zone, Kite Activity, Risk Managemen
Abstract
This study examines the impact of kite activity and bird strikes on the management of the Aviation Operational Safety Area (KKOP) at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali. The study aims to analyze aviation safety risks, evaluate the effectiveness of mitigation strategies, and identify obstacles to implementing aviation safety policies in the KKOP area. The study used a mixed methods approach with an explanatory design. The study population included the airport safety unit, AirNav Indonesia, the Airport Authority Region IV, and the community around the airport. The sample was determined using purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, documentation, and aviation incident reports for the period 2020–2025. Data analysis used descriptive statistics, Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment (HIRA), thematic analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that bird strikes were more dominant than kite disturbances, with the highest risk occurring in the runway, taxiway, and apron areas during the takeoff and landing phases. The threat of kites was influenced by socio-cultural factors of the community, while bird strikes were influenced by environmental conditions around the airport. This study concludes that integrated preventive, regulatory, technological, and collaborative strategies are needed to improve aviation safety management and support the zero accident target.
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Yusuf, M., Hidayat, A., & Saputra, D. (2022). Analysis of aviation safety risks due to community activities around international airports. Indonesian Journal of Air Transportation, 8(2), 77–89.
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AirNav Indonesia. (2023). Annual report on flight navigation safety and implementation of foreign object monitoring technology in airport areas. Perum LPPNPI (AirNav Indonesia).https://www.airnavindonesia.co.id
Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency. (2023). Indonesian climate and weather information: Analysis of seasonal patterns and their impact on transportation activities.https://www.bmkg.go.id
Chaniago, MB, Hamdani, D., & Wibowo, APW (2019). Bird disturbance monitoring system in airport area and vision recognition. Jumanji (Journal of Unjani Informatics Society), 3(1), 84–92.https://doi.org/10.26874/jumanji.v3i01.54
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). Sage Publications.
Dewi, NK, Putra, IGNA, & Wulandari, PA (2023). Implementation of regulations and monitoring of aviation operational safety areas (KKOP) in an effort to reduce the risk of flight obstacles. Journal of Aviation and Flight Safety, 7(2), 88–100.https://doi.org/10.36722/jakp.v7i2.2023.5214
Emzir. (2020). Qualitative research methodology: Data analysis. Rajawali Pers.
Faturachman, Rizky, A., Prasetyo, Santoso, B., & Hidayat, MA (2023). Analysis of flight operational safety areas (KKOP) on flight safety at Indonesian airports. Journal of Air Transportation, 16(2), 88–97.https://doi.org/10.25104/jtu.v16i2.2023
Federal Aviation Administration. (2021). Safety risk management handbook (FAA-H-8083-2A). US Department of Transportation.https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/handbooks_manuals/aviation/safety_risk_management_handbook
Feren's, FSEF, Febriyanti, E., & Yudianto, K. (2025). Evaluation of bird strike control risks at Banyuwangi Airport using the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment approach. Musytari: Journal of Management, Accounting, and Economics, 23(1), 71–80.
Guan, X. (2023). Mapbox GL-based bird strike management system for airport wildlife hazard prevention. International Journal of Aviation Technology and Engineering, 12(1), 44–58.https://doi.org/10.7771/2159-6670.1357
Halim, A., & Santosa, D. (2023). Aviation safety risk mitigation strategy based on airport area monitoring technology. Journal of Air Transportation Technology, 7(1), 55–67.https://doi.org/10.54324/jttu.v7i1.2023
International Civil Aviation Organization. (2021). Safety management manual (4th ed.).https://www.icao.int/safety/safetymanagement/documents/doc.9859.4th%20edition.alltext.en.pdf
Irvin, M.A. (2024). Detection challenges of small atmospheric kites and implications for aviation safety. Journal of Air Transport Safety Management, 18(2), 115–129.https://doi.org/10.1080/jatsm.2024.01852
Kaplan, S., & Garrick, B. J. (1981). On the quantitative definition of risk. Risk Analysis, 1(1), 11–27.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1981.tb01350.x
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. (2009a). Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number KM 14 of 2009 concerning civil aviation safety regulations.https://jdih.dephub.go.id
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. (2009b). Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2009 concerning aviation.https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Home/Details/38562/uu-no-1-tahun-2009-tentang-penerbangan
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia concerning aviation operational safety zones and airspace control around airports.https://jdih.dephub.go.id
Ministry of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia – Directorate General of Civil Aviation. (2024). Regulation of the Minister of Transportation of the Republic of Indonesia Number PM 2 of 2024 concerning aviation operational safety areas. Directorate General of Civil Aviation.
Kurt, M., & Akinci, H. (2022). Risk-based approach in aviation safety management systems: A data-driven perspective. Journal of Air Transport Management, 101, 102205.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2022.102205
Lo, S.C., & Chang, Y.H. (2020). Holistic aviation safety management in airport operational environments: Integrating air traffic, infrastructure, and hazard control. Safety Science, 130, 104897.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2020.104897
Longley, P. A., Goodchild, M. F., Maguire, D. J., & Rhind, D. W. (2015). Geographic information systems and science (4th ed.). Wiley.
Martadinata, RK, Saputra, DA, & Wulandari, SR (2021). Management of aviation operational safety areas to support air traffic security at airports. Journal of Transportation and Logistics Management, 8(1), 45–56.https://doi.org/10.54324/jmtl.v8i1.2021
Metz, I.C., Davidson, R., & Allan, J.R. (2021). Bird strike risk during aircraft take-off and landing phases: Analysis and mitigation strategies. Journal of Aviation Safety and Security, 15(3), 201–218.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jass.2021.03.004
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches (7th ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
PT Angkasa Pura I. (2023). I Gusti Ngurah Rai Airport in Bali was the airport with the highest passenger and aircraft movements throughout 2022.https://www.ap1.co.id/id/information/news/detail/bandara-i-gusti-ngurah-rai-bali-menjadi-bandara-dengan-pergerakan-penumpang-dan-pesawat-tertinggi-sepanjang-tahun-2022
Putra, RA (2022). Control of space utilization in the Sultan Syarif Kasim II aviation operational safety area (KKOP) in Pekanbaru City (Doctoral dissertation, Riau Islamic University). Repository of Riau Islamic University.https://repository.uir.ac.id
QGIS Development Team. (2023). QGIS geographic information system (Version 3.32). Open Source Geospatial Foundation.https://qgis.org
Rahim, M., Nugroho, A., & Santoso, H. (2022). Bird strike mitigation in aviation safety management at Indonesian airports. Journal of Air Transportation Safety, 9(1), 55–66.
Reason, J. (2020). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315259130
Sharma, A., Verma, R. K., & Singh, P. K. (2022). Holistic aviation safety management and stakeholder collaboration in modern aviation systems. Journal of Air Transport Management, 102, 102230.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2022.102230
Sugiyono. (2019). Quantitative, qualitative and R&D research methods (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Suputri, NLGP (2025). Evaluation of baggage safety and security in left baggage service at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport (Doctoral dissertation, Bali Land Transportation Polytechnic).
Tefera, T., Alemayehu, M., & Bekele, A. (2022). Assessment of bird strike incidents and associated risks at Bahir Dar International Airport, Ethiopia. Aviation Safety and Wildlife Management Journal, 9(2), 55–67.https://doi.org/10.4314/aswmj.v9i2.5
Trifilò, P., Grimaldi, S., & Rossi, M. (2023). Environmental factors influencing birdstrike risk around airports: A landscape ecology approach. Ecological Engineering, 191, 106978.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.106978
Wibowo, IA (2025). DDM (Dynamic Decision Making) Technology. Publishing Foundation.
Wibowo, T., & Prasetyo, R. (2023). Implementation of technology-based aviation operational safety area supervision at international airports. Journal of Transportation and Aviation Safety, 11(2), 101–112.
Wiegmann, D. A., & Shappell, S. A. (2019). A human error approach to aviation accident analysis: The human factors analysis and classification system. Routledge.https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315263878
Yusuf, M., Hidayat, A., & Saputra, D. (2022). Analysis of aviation safety risks due to community activities around international airports. Indonesian Journal of Air Transportation, 8(2), 77–89.
Zhang, X., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Aviation safety system and risk management in global air transport operations. Journal of Air Transport Management, 92, 102011.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2021.102011
Published
2026-06-08
How to Cite
Dewa Putu Gerdha Pradiptha Sidan, Dewanti, & Taqia Rahman. (2026). The Impact of Kite and Bird Activities on the Management of the Aviation Operational Safety Area (KKOP) at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport, Bali. International Journal of Technology and Education Research, 4(02), 1383-1400. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v4i02.3886
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