Community-Based Total Sanitation (CLTS) As A Strategy To Enhance Environmental Health In Disaster-Prone Villages: A Case Study In Pujiharjo, Malang, Indonesia
Keywords:
community resilience, disaster preparedness, environmental health, sanitation behavior, waste management
Abstract
Pujiharjo Village in Malang Regency is a coastal area frequently affected by floods, posing significant environmental health challenges. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Community-Based Total Sanitation (CLTS) as a strategy to strengthen environmental health and disaster preparedness in disaster-prone communities. A descriptive case study design was applied using secondary data from the 2024 CLTS monitoring survey in Pujiharjo. A total of 1,369 households were analyzed based on five CLTS pillars. Data collection involved structured household surveys and laboratory water quality testing. Descriptive statistics were used to evaluate the percentage of households meeting CLTS indicators and to identify gaps compared with national and international standards. The study found high achievements in hygiene-related pillars, namely handwashing with soap (86.41%) and food and water management (95.76%), indicating improved household health behavior. However, the low performance in solid (41.12%) and liquid (29.88%) waste management highlights weaknesses in sanitation infrastructure and community participation. These conditions increase environmental contamination risks, especially during floods. Integrating CLTS into disaster preparedness programs is essential to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability to environmental health hazards. Strengthening community participation, sanitation infrastructure, and intersectoral coordination is crucial to improve environmental health resilience in disaster-prone areas like Pujiharjo Village
References
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Rachma, U. S., Adriyani, R., Husnina, Z., & Farumi, S. S. (2021). Literature review: Water quality of public bathing, potential health problems and water borne diseases on visitors. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 13, 102–112. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i2.2021.102-112
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Unggul, D. B., Ainy, K. N., & Jannah, R. (2023). Profiling the inequality of school water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities among Indonesian regions using cluster analysis. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 15(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.27-36
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Agustina, & Adiningsi, R., Ahmad, H., & Gaining, A. (2023). Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang 5 pilar STBM di Desa Ahu Kecamatan Tapalang Barat. Jurnal Mapaccing. 1(1). 7-17. https://doi.org/10.33490/mpc.v1i1.1058
Alareqi, M. M., Alshoaibi, L. H., Liu, Y., Dhital, S., & Zhang, B. (2024). The role of water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) interventions on health and behavioral outcomes during humanitarian crisis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Iran Journal of Public Health, 53(2):335-347. https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i2.14918
Anwar, Y., Ningrum, M. V. R., & Setyasih, I. (2022). Dampak bencana banjir terhadap ekonomi masyarakat di Kecamatan Samarinda Utara, Kota Samarinda. JPG (Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi), 9(1). https://dx.doi.org/10.20527/jpg.v9i1.12457
Anwar, Y., Bachri, S., Utaya, S., Sumarmi, & Mislan. (2025). Cultural imperatives and environmental challenges: Burial practices in flood-prone area of Mahakam Cascade Lake community to improve cultural resilience and sustainability. Environmental Challenges 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2025.101253
Aoki, K., Akiyama, M., Alhamid, A. K., Frangopol, D. M., & Koshimura, S. (2025). Resilience-based estimation of the disaster waste disposal time considering interdependencies between waste disposal and road network systems under seismic and tsunami hazards in coastal communities. Reliability Engineering & System Safety. 262(111242). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ress.2025.111242
Arindayu, T. W., Azizah, R., Jalaludin, J., Sumantri, A., Sham, S. M., Juanah, L. Y., et al. (2021). Model of Community-Led Total Sanitation pillar one: Open defecation free in Sagulung Subdistrict, Batam City. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 13(3), 151–158. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i3.2021.151-158
Arwikana, A. A., Ma’rufi, I., & Nurika, G. (2025). Microplastic contamination in well water in coastal area of Jember Regency: Study of characteristics, abundance and potential causal factors. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 17(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/ https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v17i1.2025.1-11
Ayuningtyas, E. A. (2022). Penguatan kapasitas masyarakat Desa Hargomulyo Yogyakarta dalam upaya pengurangan risiko bencana longsor. Jurnal JUPADAI. 1(2).182-189. https://doi.org/10.64795/jupadai.v1i2
Ayu Purnamawati, I. G., Yuniarta, G. A., & Jie, F. (2023). Strengthening the role of corporate social responsibility in the dimensions of sustainable village economic development. Heliyon, 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15115
Bose, D., Bhattacharya, R., Kaur, T., Banerjee, R., Bhatia, T., Ray, A., et al. (2024). Overcoming water, sanitation, and hygiene challenges in critical regions of the global community. Water-Energy Nexus. 7.277–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wen.2024.11.003
Chan, E. Y. Y., & Lam, H. C. Y. (2021). Research in health-emergency and disaster risk management and its potential implications in the post COVID-19 world. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(5), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052520
Daniel, D., Djohan, D., Machairas, I., Pande, S., Arifin, A., Al Djono, T. P., et al. (2021). Financial, institutional, environmental, technical, and social (FIETS) aspects of water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions in indigenous-rural Indonesia. BMC Public Health. 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11800-x
Dewi, I. U., Azizah, R., Husnina, Z., Sumantri, A., Qomariah, N., Suhariono, S., et al. (2022). Effectiveness of wastewater treatment installation and liquid waste quality in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 14(1),45–54. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i1.2022.45-54
Dickin, S., & Gabrielsson, S. (2023). Inequalities in water, sanitation and hygiene: Challenges and opportunities for measurement and monitoring. Water Security. 20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasec.2023.100143
Elviana, M., & Desfandi, M. (2023). Kesiapsiagaan Masyarakat Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Tsunami di Gampong Dayah Mamplam Kecamatan Leupung Aceh Besar. Jurnal Pendidikan Geosfer, VIII(2), 185–192. https://doi.org/10.24815/jpg.v8i2.26263
Fortnam, M., Hailey, P., Witter, S., & Balfour, N. (2024). Resilience in interconnected community and formal health (and connected) systems. SSM – Health Systems. 3, 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmhs.2024.100027
Hao, G. C., Shi, K. B., & Han, K. W. (2025). Evaluating the impact of floating spheres on evaporation reduction and water salinity control in reservoirs. Agricultural Water Management. 312(109440). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2025.109440
Hasanah, A., Karomah, & Riyanto. (2023). Kegiatan kontribusi sosial pertukaran mahasiswa merdeka 2 IKIP Budi Utomo Malang terhadap masyarakat Desa Pujiharjo yang terdampak banjir. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Mandira Cendikia, 2(2), 69–73. https://doi.org/10.70570/jpkmmc.v2i2
Imadudin, T., Husnina, Z., & Adriyani, R. (2021). Household sanitation as a diarrhea driving factor of under-five children in Bojonegoro Regency. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 13(4), 199–203. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i4.2021.199-203
Jaber, T., Boelee, E., Bleser, J., & Bartram, J. K. (2024). Outbreaks of faecal-orally transmitted diseases in displacement camps: A scoping review of pathogens, risk factors, exposure routes, and drivers of transmission. Global Public Health, 19. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2024.2380847.
Jati, S. P., Nandini, N., Dewanti, N. A. Y., Kusariana, N., Ramadan, B. S., Budiyono, B., et al. (2023). The readiness of Wonosobo and Banjarnegara towards open defecation free regencies. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan 15(4), 283–290. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i4.2023.283-290
Khanam, S., Siddik, M. A., & Zahid, M. A. (2024). Analyzing coastal community situation of water, sanitation and hygiene in Bangladesh. Fronteiras: Journal of Social, Technological and Environmental Science 13(4).https://doi.org/10.21664/2238-8869.2024v13i4.p251-266
Kouassi, A. A. H., Anderson, A. H., Bologo, T. M., Kossi, S. S., Momo, N. R., Sonia, S. Y., et al. (2023). Review of the slippage factors from open defecation-free (ODF) status towards open defecation (OD) after the Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) approach implementation. Journal (Review), 250(114160). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114160
Lanu, D. J. T. M. Z., Nayoan, C. R., & Hinga, I. A. T. (2023). Kajian kesiapsiagaan bencana alam pada masyarakat di Desa Waiwerang Kecamatan Adonara Timur. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 8(2).22-27 https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v8i2.16535
Liu, B., Yun, X., Pan, B., Xu, X., Gaffney, P. P. J., Lu, H., et al. (2025). Assess the impacts of climatic change and human activities on streamflow and floods by using a hybrid-physics-data (HPD) model: A case study in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies 61(102763). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102763
Markolf, S. A., Helmrich, A., Kim, Y., Hoff, R., & Chester, M. (2022). Balancing efficiency and resilience objectives in pursuit of sustainable infrastructure transformations. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2022.101181
Mekonnen, G. K., Alemu, B. M., Gebrie, G. S., Kloos, H., & Legesse, W. M. (2023). Impact of hygiene promotion intervention on acute childhood diarrhea: Evidence from a cluster-randomized trial in refugee communities in Gambella Region, Ethiopia. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 13(4), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2023.111
Munyai, O., Mudau, A. G., & Mashau, N. S. (2024). Protocol to develop strategies to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of Village Health Workers in service delivery in a selected district of Zimbabwe. MethodsX 13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mex.2024.102850
Nurhayati, L., Utami, W. S., Jauhani, M. A., Armiyanti, Y., & Hermansyah, B. (2022). Physical water quality contaminated by soil-transmitted helminths in Sumbersari District, Jember Regency. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 14(4), 282–288. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v14i4.2022.282-288
Purnama, A., & Metty Trisna Negara, K. (2023). Analisis pengaruh sedimentasi untuk penanganan genangan di Dusun Jati Sari Kecamatan Rhee. Jurnal Sainteka, 4(3):15-22. https://doi.org/10.58406/sainteka.v4i3.1363
Rabsanjani, G. R., Akbar, A. A., & Herawati, H. (2022). Valuasi dampak banjir di Kabupaten Landak, Kalimantan Barat. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 20(1),65–75. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.20.1.65-75
Rachma, U. S., Adriyani, R., Husnina, Z., & Farumi, S. S. (2021). Literature review: Water quality of public bathing, potential health problems and water borne diseases on visitors. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan. 13, 102–112. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v13i2.2021.102-112
Rany, N. (2021). Implementasi program sanitasi total berbasis masyarakat terhadap lingkungan yang berkelanjutan di pemukiman pinggiran Sungai Siak. Advancing the World of Information and Environment, 4(2).52-59. https://doi.org/10.47826/econews.4.2.p.52-59
Sofiyah, E. S., Sianipar, I. M. J., Rahman, A., Rafida, H. A., Suhardono, S., Lee, C. H., et al. (2025). Advancing the 2030 agenda with community importance-performance perspective and public relations strategies for community-based sanitation. Sustainable Futures, 9(100633). https://doi.org/10.1016/sftr.2025.100633
Sultana, M. S., Waine, T., Bari, N., & Tyrrel, S. (2025). Sanitation infrastructure and faecal flow– SanIFFlow: A spatial mapping tool for integrated planning and management of sanitation in unsewered urban areas. Geomatica, 77(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomat.2025.100059
Sunarto, S., Suparji, S., Suharto, A., Fernanda, A. R., & Zakinah, N. (2023). Pemanfaatan metode Participatory Rural Appraisal untuk kesiapsiagaan kapasitas Desa Tangguh Bencana dalam pengurangan risiko bencana di Desa Jajar Kartoharjo dan Desa Genilangit Poncol Magetan. Jurnal Abdi Masyarakat Indonesia, 3(2), 571–582. https://doi.org/10.54082/jamsi.483
Susilawati, Harahap, R. H., Mulya, M. B., & Andayani, L. S. (2022). Behavior model of community-based sanitation management in coastal areas: Confirmatory factor analysis. Heliyon, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11756
Unggul, D. B., Ainy, K. N., & Jannah, R. (2023). Profiling the inequality of school water, sanitation, and hygiene facilities among Indonesian regions using cluster analysis. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 15(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v15i1.2023.27-36
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Published
2026-04-11
How to Cite
Adisa, M. D., Pujo Widodo, Anwar Kurniadi, & Wilopo. (2026). Community-Based Total Sanitation (CLTS) As A Strategy To Enhance Environmental Health In Disaster-Prone Villages: A Case Study In Pujiharjo, Malang, Indonesia. International Journal of Technology and Education Research, 4(02), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v4i02.3156
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