Measuring Entrepreneurial Skills with Digital Literacy and Entrepreneurship Literacy as Mediators (A Study of Vocational High School Students in Blitar Regency)
Keywords:
Entrepreneurial Skills, Digital Literacy, Entrepreneurship
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurial skills of vocational high school students, taking into account the role of digital literacy and entrepreneurship literacy as mediating variables. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method through hypothesis testing. The research sample involved 223 12th grade vocational high school students in Blitar Regency. Data analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The results of this study indicate that entrepreneurship education does not have a significant or negative effect on entrepreneurial skills. This occurs because the entrepreneurship education process applied to students is more theoretical, lacks practical application, and the material is not aligned with students' needs in the workplace. Meanwhile, entrepreneurship education can have a significant and positive impact on digital literacy and entrepreneurship literacy. These results indicate that entrepreneurship education can enhance students' skills in using digital technology. Entrepreneurship education serves as the foundation for digital knowledge and entrepreneurial understanding, enabling students to create businesses in the future. The implications of this study are highly useful for developing policies, business practices, and approaches that enhance the entrepreneurial skills of vocational high school students in Blitar Regency
References
Akhmetshin, E. M., Mueller, J. E., Yumashev, A. V., Kozachek, A. V., Prikhodko, A. N., & Safonova, E. E. (2019). Acquisition of entrepreneurial skills and competences: Curriculum development and evaluation for higher education. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(1).
Andi Syahriana Asdar, Sitti Hasbiah, & Mulyadi AR. (2024). Do Self-Efficacy, Financial Literacy, and Digital Literacy among Students Contribute to Entrepreneurial Behavior through Entrepreneurship Education? Pinisi Journal of Entrepreneurship Review, 2(1), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.62794/pjer.v2i1.2471
Anjum, T., Farrukh, M., Heidler, P., & Tautiva, J. A. D. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention: Creativity, entrepreneurship, and university support. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010011
Avelar, S., Borges-Tiago, T., Almeida, A., & Tiago, F. (2024). Confluence of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and digitalization in SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 170(October 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114346
Bernardus, D., Murwani, F. D., Aji, I. D. K., Radianto, W. E. D., Padmawidjaja, L., Jatiperwira, S. Y., Hitipeuw, I., & Jacob, G. H. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Adaptation of the Entrepreneurial Mindset Scale. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(3), 310–334. https://doi.org/10.36941/AJIS-2022-0069
Chen, L., Ifenthaler, D., & Yau, J. Y.-K. (2021). Online and blended entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of applied educational technologies. In Entrepreneurship Education (Vol. 4, Issue 2). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00047-7
de Sousa, M. M., de Almeida, D. A. R., Mansur-Alves, M., & Huziwara, E. M. (2022). Characteristics and Effects of Entrepreneurship Education Programs: a Systematic Review. In Trends in Psychology (Issue 0123456789). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00197-0
Douglas, E., & Prentice, C. (2019). Innovation and profit motivations for social entrepreneurship: A fuzzy-set analysis. Journal of Business Research, 99(February), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.031
Dvorakova, Z., & Polents, I. (2021). Entrepreneurship Education and Digital Literacy as Element of Innovative Learning. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, 45(August), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71397-3_19
Edokpolor, J. E. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and sustainable development: mediating role of entrepreneurial skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-03-2020-0036
Effendy, A. A., & Sunarsi, D. (2020). Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Kemampuan Dalam Mendirikan UMKM Dan Efektivitas Promosi Melalui Online Di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4(3), 702–714. http://journal.stiemb.ac.id/index.php/mea/article/view/571/248
Fisher, D., Fraser, B., & Cresswell, J. (1995). Using the “Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction” in the Professional Development of Teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.1995v20n1.2
George, G., Merrill, R. K., & Schillebeeckx, S. J. D. (2021). Digital Sustainability and Entrepreneurship: How Digital Innovations Are Helping Tackle Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 45(5), 999–1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719899425
Guampe, F. A., Hasan, M., Huruta, A. D., Dewi, C., & Chen, A. P. S. (2022). Entrepreneurial Literacy of Peasant Families during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case in Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912337
Hahn, D., Minola, T., Bosio, G., & Cassia, L. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 257–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00143-y
Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Rethinking some of the rethinking of partial least squares. European Journal of Marketing, 53(4), 566–584. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-10-2018-0665
Hammoda, B. (2024). The impact of educational technologies on entrepreneurial competencies: A systematic review of empirical evidence. Knowledge Management and E-Learning, 16(2), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2024.16.015
Hasan, M., Imran Musa, C., Tahir, T., Azis, M., Rijal, S., & Ihsan Said Ahmad, M. (2020). How does Entrepreneurial Literacy and Financial Literacy Influence Entrepreneurial Intention in Perspective of Economic Education? Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1), 5569–5575. http://www.iratde.com
Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. M. B., & Hussain, S. A. (2021). Individual entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial motivations. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222211007051
Hidayati, Wediawati, B., & Sari, N. (2023). Pengaruh Literasi Kewirausahaan Dan Literasi Digital Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Dibidang Start-Up (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Kosentrasi Kewirausahaan Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Jambi). Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(1), 38–45. https://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/jmbp/article/view/26502%0Ahttps://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/jmbp/article/download/26502/15924
Imjai, N., Aujirapongpan, S., & Yaacob, Z. (2024). Impact of logical thinking skills and digital literacy on Thailand’s generation Z accounting students’ internship effectiveness: Role of self-learning capability. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 6(November 2023), 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100329
Jardim, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial skills to be successful in the global and digital world: Proposal for a frame of reference for entrepreneurial education. Education Sciences, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070356
Kazak, A., Sergeeva, E., Kushkhova, Z., Ryvkina, O., & Tsay, E. (2023). Information technologies and E-commerce in education in the sphere of tourism and hospitality. E3S Web of Conferences, 371. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337105009
Kristiawan, M., Nizarani, & Syamsidar. (2019). Role of school on forming character of z-generation through entrepreneurial skills. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(10), 1941–1945.
Mawson, S., Casulli, L., & Simmons, E. L. (2023). A Competence Development Approach for Entrepreneurial Mindset in Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 6(3), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/25151274221143146
Mbaeri, B. C., & Okechukwu, E. U. (2023). Impact of Venture Capital on the Performance of Smes in Enugu State. … of Applied Economics, Finance and …, April, 55–67. https://aspjournals.org/Journals/index.php/bijaefa/article/view/448%0Ahttps://aspjournals.org/Journals/index.php/bijaefa/article/download/448/475
Mugabi, R. D., Nakijoba, R., Nakirijja, D. S., & Sengendo, M. (2021). Formal and Non-formal Skills Improvement for the Marginalised Youth in Uganda. Advanced Journal of Social Science, 9(1), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.21467/ajss.9.1.10-26
Mutanda, M., & Moyo, S. (2021). a Lateral View on Entrepreneurial Literacy and the Role of Tertiary Institutions: a Case Study of South Africa. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(4), 1–15.
Nájera-Sánchez, J. J., Pérez-Pérez, C., & González-Torres, T. (2023). Exploring the knowledge structure of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. In International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal (Vol. 19, Issue 2). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-022-00814-5
Narmaditya, B. S., Sahid, S., & Hussin, M. (2024). From classroom to entrepreneurship: the link between educator competencies, entrepreneurial literacy and entrepreneurial behaviour in higher education. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2023-0521
Nguyen, T. T., Dao, T. T., Tran, T. B., Nguyen, H. T. T., Le, L. T. N., & Pham, N. T. T. (2024). Fintech literacy and digital entrepreneurial intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(1), 100222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100222
Oggero, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial spirits in women and men. The role of financial literacy and digital skills. Small Business Economics, 55(2), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00299-7
Olutuase, S. O., Brijlal, P., & Yan, B. (2023). Model for stimulating entrepreneurial skills through entrepreneurship education in an African context. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 35(2), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1786645
Oosterbeek, H., van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
Pattanatornchai, J., Kohda, Y., Javed, A., Udomvitid, K., & Yenradee, P. (2024). Effects of Public Service Motivation on R&D Project-Based Team Learning Where Psychological Safety Is a Mediator and Project Management Style Is a Moderator. Administrative Sciences, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050093
Pertiwi, U. R., & Khafid, M. (2021). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Personality, and the Role of Parents Through Self Efficacy on Interest in Entrepreneurship. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 10(3), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.15294/eeaj.v10i3.50479
Prüfer, J., & Prüfer, P. (2020). Data science for entrepreneurship research: studying demand dynamics for entrepreneurial skills in the Netherlands. Small Business Economics, 55(3), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00208-y
Rahmatullah, R., Inanna, I., Isma, A., & Rahmattullah, M. (2022). The Effect of the Role of Economic Literacy, Entrepreneurial Literacy on Young Entrepreneurial Behavior. Dinamika Pendidikan, 17(2), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.15294/dp.v17i2.40274
Ripollés, M., & Blesa, A. (2023). Moderators of the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial action. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 29(7), 1402–1426. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2022-0518
Saptono, A., Wibowo, A., Widyastuti, U., Narmaditya, B. S., & Yanto, H. (2021a). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy among elementary students: the role of entrepreneurship education. Heliyon, 7(9), e07995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07995
Saptono, A., Wibowo, A., Widyastuti, U., Narmaditya, B. S., & Yanto, H. (2021b). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy among elementary students: the role of entrepreneurship education. Heliyon, 7(9), e07995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07995
Subandi, S., Murwani, F. D., & Aliyahharani, S. N. M. (2023). the Effect of Entrepreneurial Literacy on Entrepreneurial Intention Through Self-Efficacy As a Mediator Variable. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 4(2), 1353–1367. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.328
Suryani, S., & Chaniago, H. (2023). Digital Literacy and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Studies on Vocational Students. International Journal Administration Business and Organization, 4(2), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.61242/ijabo.23.261
Susanti, S., Palupi, R. A., & Hamidah, E. N. (2022). The Effect of Financial Literacy, Economic Literacy, and Entrepreneurial Literacy on Entrepreneurial Behavior. Dinamika Pendidikan, 17(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.15294/dp.v17i2.37926
Sutisna, A., Dalimunthe, H. H. B., & Retnowati, E. (2021). Building entrepreneurial literacy among villagers in Indonesia. Rural Society, 30(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371656.2021.1895472
Tseng, T. H., Wang, Y. M., Lin, H. H., Lin, S. jeng, Wang, Y. S., & Tsai, T. H. (2022). Relationships between locus of control, theory of planned behavior, and cyber entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of cyber entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100682
van Lunenburg, M. (2024). Scaling of social initiatives: the role of entrepreneurial skills and positions. International Journal of Public Sector Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12-2023-0374
Ver Steeg, J. (2022). Anatomy of entrepreneurship: Using key competencies to drive social capital acquisition and develop social entrepreneurship practices in MBA education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100661
Walmsley, A., & Wraae, B. (2022). Entrepreneurship education but not as we know it: Reflections on the relationship between Critical Pedagogy and Entrepreneurship Education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100726
Wardana, L. W., Narmaditya, B. S., Wibowo, A., Mahendra, A. M., Wibowo, N. A., Harwida, G., & Rohman, A. N. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education and students’ entrepreneurial mindset: the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6(9), e04922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04922
Welsh, D. H. B., Tullar, W. L., & Nemati, H. (2016). Entrepreneurship education: Process, method, or both? Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 1(3), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.005
Wijayanto, G., Ayesha, I., Wibowo, T. S., Suparwata, D. O., Suroso, A., & Fathurohman, A. (2023). The Influence of Digital Literacy Mediation on the Effect of Entrepreneurship Knowledge on Technopreneurship. Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Peer Reviewed-International Journal, 7(1), 1–10. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
Woodside, A. G., Megehee, C. M., Isaksson, L., & Ferguson, G. (2020). Consequences of national cultures and motivations on entrepreneurship, innovation, ethical behavior, and quality-of-life. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2018-0290
Yanto, H., Kiswanto, Baroroh, N., Hajawiyah, A., & Rahim, N. M. (2022). THE ROLES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS, FINANCIAL LITERACY, AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN MAINTAINING MSMEs DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 12(7), 504–517. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v12i7.4535
Yawisah, U., Umam, A. K., Asas, M., & Wahyundin. (2019). Journal of Social Studies Education Research Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(3), 364–386. https://jsser.org/index.php/jsser/article/view/3043
Zeynalov, S., & Doğantan, E. (2025). The Effect of Digital Literacy and Entrepreneurship Education on Digital Entrepreneurship Intention: The Mediating Role of Personal Innovativeness. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 30(2), 1189–1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09821-1
Zhang, J., Huang, J., & Hong, Y. (2022). Attitudes Toward Entrepreneurship Education, Post-pandemic Entrepreneurial Environment, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Among University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(April). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.758511
Zhu, R., Liu, Z., Zhao, G., Huang, Z., & Yu, Q. (2023). The impact of institutional management on teacher entrepreneurship competency: The mediating role of entrepreneurial behaviour. International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100794.
Andi Syahriana Asdar, Sitti Hasbiah, & Mulyadi AR. (2024). Do Self-Efficacy, Financial Literacy, and Digital Literacy among Students Contribute to Entrepreneurial Behavior through Entrepreneurship Education? Pinisi Journal of Entrepreneurship Review, 2(1), 32–50. https://doi.org/10.62794/pjer.v2i1.2471
Anjum, T., Farrukh, M., Heidler, P., & Tautiva, J. A. D. (2021). Entrepreneurial intention: Creativity, entrepreneurship, and university support. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010011
Avelar, S., Borges-Tiago, T., Almeida, A., & Tiago, F. (2024). Confluence of sustainable entrepreneurship, innovation, and digitalization in SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 170(October 2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114346
Bernardus, D., Murwani, F. D., Aji, I. D. K., Radianto, W. E. D., Padmawidjaja, L., Jatiperwira, S. Y., Hitipeuw, I., & Jacob, G. H. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Indonesian Adaptation of the Entrepreneurial Mindset Scale. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 11(3), 310–334. https://doi.org/10.36941/AJIS-2022-0069
Chen, L., Ifenthaler, D., & Yau, J. Y.-K. (2021). Online and blended entrepreneurship education: a systematic review of applied educational technologies. In Entrepreneurship Education (Vol. 4, Issue 2). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41959-021-00047-7
de Sousa, M. M., de Almeida, D. A. R., Mansur-Alves, M., & Huziwara, E. M. (2022). Characteristics and Effects of Entrepreneurship Education Programs: a Systematic Review. In Trends in Psychology (Issue 0123456789). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-022-00197-0
Douglas, E., & Prentice, C. (2019). Innovation and profit motivations for social entrepreneurship: A fuzzy-set analysis. Journal of Business Research, 99(February), 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.02.031
Dvorakova, Z., & Polents, I. (2021). Entrepreneurship Education and Digital Literacy as Element of Innovative Learning. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, 45(August), 253–263. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71397-3_19
Edokpolor, J. E. (2020). Entrepreneurship education and sustainable development: mediating role of entrepreneurial skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(3), 329–339. https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-03-2020-0036
Effendy, A. A., & Sunarsi, D. (2020). Persepsi Mahasiswa Terhadap Kemampuan Dalam Mendirikan UMKM Dan Efektivitas Promosi Melalui Online Di Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4(3), 702–714. http://journal.stiemb.ac.id/index.php/mea/article/view/571/248
Fisher, D., Fraser, B., & Cresswell, J. (1995). Using the “Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction” in the Professional Development of Teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.14221/ajte.1995v20n1.2
George, G., Merrill, R. K., & Schillebeeckx, S. J. D. (2021). Digital Sustainability and Entrepreneurship: How Digital Innovations Are Helping Tackle Climate Change and Sustainable Development. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 45(5), 999–1027. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258719899425
Guampe, F. A., Hasan, M., Huruta, A. D., Dewi, C., & Chen, A. P. S. (2022). Entrepreneurial Literacy of Peasant Families during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case in Indonesia. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912337
Hahn, D., Minola, T., Bosio, G., & Cassia, L. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education on university students’ entrepreneurial skills: a family embeddedness perspective. Small Business Economics, 55(1), 257–282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00143-y
Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). Rethinking some of the rethinking of partial least squares. European Journal of Marketing, 53(4), 566–584. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-10-2018-0665
Hammoda, B. (2024). The impact of educational technologies on entrepreneurial competencies: A systematic review of empirical evidence. Knowledge Management and E-Learning, 16(2), 309–333. https://doi.org/10.34105/j.kmel.2024.16.015
Hasan, M., Imran Musa, C., Tahir, T., Azis, M., Rijal, S., & Ihsan Said Ahmad, M. (2020). How does Entrepreneurial Literacy and Financial Literacy Influence Entrepreneurial Intention in Perspective of Economic Education? Talent Development & Excellence, 12(1), 5569–5575. http://www.iratde.com
Hassan, A., Anwar, I., Saleem, I., Islam, K. M. B., & Hussain, S. A. (2021). Individual entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial motivations. Industry and Higher Education, 35(4), 403–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222211007051
Hidayati, Wediawati, B., & Sari, N. (2023). Pengaruh Literasi Kewirausahaan Dan Literasi Digital Terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Dibidang Start-Up (Studi Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Manajemen Kosentrasi Kewirausahaan Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Universitas Jambi). Jurnal Dinamika Manajemen, 11(1), 38–45. https://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/jmbp/article/view/26502%0Ahttps://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/jmbp/article/download/26502/15924
Imjai, N., Aujirapongpan, S., & Yaacob, Z. (2024). Impact of logical thinking skills and digital literacy on Thailand’s generation Z accounting students’ internship effectiveness: Role of self-learning capability. International Journal of Educational Research Open, 6(November 2023), 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedro.2024.100329
Jardim, J. (2021). Entrepreneurial skills to be successful in the global and digital world: Proposal for a frame of reference for entrepreneurial education. Education Sciences, 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11070356
Kazak, A., Sergeeva, E., Kushkhova, Z., Ryvkina, O., & Tsay, E. (2023). Information technologies and E-commerce in education in the sphere of tourism and hospitality. E3S Web of Conferences, 371. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337105009
Kristiawan, M., Nizarani, & Syamsidar. (2019). Role of school on forming character of z-generation through entrepreneurial skills. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 8(10), 1941–1945.
Mawson, S., Casulli, L., & Simmons, E. L. (2023). A Competence Development Approach for Entrepreneurial Mindset in Entrepreneurship Education. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 6(3), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/25151274221143146
Mbaeri, B. C., & Okechukwu, E. U. (2023). Impact of Venture Capital on the Performance of Smes in Enugu State. … of Applied Economics, Finance and …, April, 55–67. https://aspjournals.org/Journals/index.php/bijaefa/article/view/448%0Ahttps://aspjournals.org/Journals/index.php/bijaefa/article/download/448/475
Mugabi, R. D., Nakijoba, R., Nakirijja, D. S., & Sengendo, M. (2021). Formal and Non-formal Skills Improvement for the Marginalised Youth in Uganda. Advanced Journal of Social Science, 9(1), 10–26. https://doi.org/10.21467/ajss.9.1.10-26
Mutanda, M., & Moyo, S. (2021). a Lateral View on Entrepreneurial Literacy and the Role of Tertiary Institutions: a Case Study of South Africa. Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal, 25(4), 1–15.
Nájera-Sánchez, J. J., Pérez-Pérez, C., & González-Torres, T. (2023). Exploring the knowledge structure of entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention. In International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal (Vol. 19, Issue 2). Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-022-00814-5
Narmaditya, B. S., Sahid, S., & Hussin, M. (2024). From classroom to entrepreneurship: the link between educator competencies, entrepreneurial literacy and entrepreneurial behaviour in higher education. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-11-2023-0521
Nguyen, T. T., Dao, T. T., Tran, T. B., Nguyen, H. T. T., Le, L. T. N., & Pham, N. T. T. (2024). Fintech literacy and digital entrepreneurial intention: Mediator and Moderator Effect. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 4(1), 100222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jjimei.2024.100222
Oggero, N. (2020). Entrepreneurial spirits in women and men. The role of financial literacy and digital skills. Small Business Economics, 55(2), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00299-7
Olutuase, S. O., Brijlal, P., & Yan, B. (2023). Model for stimulating entrepreneurial skills through entrepreneurship education in an African context. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 35(2), 263–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2020.1786645
Oosterbeek, H., van Praag, M., & Ijsselstein, A. (2010). The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurship skills and motivation. European Economic Review, 54(3), 442–454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.08.002
Pattanatornchai, J., Kohda, Y., Javed, A., Udomvitid, K., & Yenradee, P. (2024). Effects of Public Service Motivation on R&D Project-Based Team Learning Where Psychological Safety Is a Mediator and Project Management Style Is a Moderator. Administrative Sciences, 14(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14050093
Pertiwi, U. R., & Khafid, M. (2021). The Effect of Entrepreneurship Education, Personality, and the Role of Parents Through Self Efficacy on Interest in Entrepreneurship. Economic Education Analysis Journal, 10(3), 416–431. https://doi.org/10.15294/eeaj.v10i3.50479
Prüfer, J., & Prüfer, P. (2020). Data science for entrepreneurship research: studying demand dynamics for entrepreneurial skills in the Netherlands. Small Business Economics, 55(3), 651–672. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-019-00208-y
Rahmatullah, R., Inanna, I., Isma, A., & Rahmattullah, M. (2022). The Effect of the Role of Economic Literacy, Entrepreneurial Literacy on Young Entrepreneurial Behavior. Dinamika Pendidikan, 17(2), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.15294/dp.v17i2.40274
Ripollés, M., & Blesa, A. (2023). Moderators of the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial action. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 29(7), 1402–1426. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-06-2022-0518
Saptono, A., Wibowo, A., Widyastuti, U., Narmaditya, B. S., & Yanto, H. (2021a). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy among elementary students: the role of entrepreneurship education. Heliyon, 7(9), e07995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07995
Saptono, A., Wibowo, A., Widyastuti, U., Narmaditya, B. S., & Yanto, H. (2021b). Entrepreneurial self-efficacy among elementary students: the role of entrepreneurship education. Heliyon, 7(9), e07995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07995
Subandi, S., Murwani, F. D., & Aliyahharani, S. N. M. (2023). the Effect of Entrepreneurial Literacy on Entrepreneurial Intention Through Self-Efficacy As a Mediator Variable. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 4(2), 1353–1367. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.328
Suryani, S., & Chaniago, H. (2023). Digital Literacy and Its Impact on Entrepreneurial Intentions: Studies on Vocational Students. International Journal Administration Business and Organization, 4(2), 16–22. https://doi.org/10.61242/ijabo.23.261
Susanti, S., Palupi, R. A., & Hamidah, E. N. (2022). The Effect of Financial Literacy, Economic Literacy, and Entrepreneurial Literacy on Entrepreneurial Behavior. Dinamika Pendidikan, 17(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.15294/dp.v17i2.37926
Sutisna, A., Dalimunthe, H. H. B., & Retnowati, E. (2021). Building entrepreneurial literacy among villagers in Indonesia. Rural Society, 30(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/10371656.2021.1895472
Tseng, T. H., Wang, Y. M., Lin, H. H., Lin, S. jeng, Wang, Y. S., & Tsai, T. H. (2022). Relationships between locus of control, theory of planned behavior, and cyber entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of cyber entrepreneurship education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100682
van Lunenburg, M. (2024). Scaling of social initiatives: the role of entrepreneurial skills and positions. International Journal of Public Sector Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-12-2023-0374
Ver Steeg, J. (2022). Anatomy of entrepreneurship: Using key competencies to drive social capital acquisition and develop social entrepreneurship practices in MBA education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100661. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100661
Walmsley, A., & Wraae, B. (2022). Entrepreneurship education but not as we know it: Reflections on the relationship between Critical Pedagogy and Entrepreneurship Education. International Journal of Management Education, 20(3), 100726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2022.100726
Wardana, L. W., Narmaditya, B. S., Wibowo, A., Mahendra, A. M., Wibowo, N. A., Harwida, G., & Rohman, A. N. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education and students’ entrepreneurial mindset: the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6(9), e04922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04922
Welsh, D. H. B., Tullar, W. L., & Nemati, H. (2016). Entrepreneurship education: Process, method, or both? Journal of Innovation and Knowledge, 1(3), 125–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2016.01.005
Wijayanto, G., Ayesha, I., Wibowo, T. S., Suparwata, D. O., Suroso, A., & Fathurohman, A. (2023). The Influence of Digital Literacy Mediation on the Effect of Entrepreneurship Knowledge on Technopreneurship. Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) Peer Reviewed-International Journal, 7(1), 1–10. https://jurnal.stie-aas.ac.id/index.php/IJEBAR
Woodside, A. G., Megehee, C. M., Isaksson, L., & Ferguson, G. (2020). Consequences of national cultures and motivations on entrepreneurship, innovation, ethical behavior, and quality-of-life. Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, 35(1), 40–60. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-10-2018-0290
Yanto, H., Kiswanto, Baroroh, N., Hajawiyah, A., & Rahim, N. M. (2022). THE ROLES OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS, FINANCIAL LITERACY, AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN MAINTAINING MSMEs DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 12(7), 504–517. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v12i7.4535
Yawisah, U., Umam, A. K., Asas, M., & Wahyundin. (2019). Journal of Social Studies Education Research Sosyal Bilgiler Eğitimi Araştırmaları Dergisi. Journal of Social Studies Education Research, 10(3), 364–386. https://jsser.org/index.php/jsser/article/view/3043
Zeynalov, S., & Doğantan, E. (2025). The Effect of Digital Literacy and Entrepreneurship Education on Digital Entrepreneurship Intention: The Mediating Role of Personal Innovativeness. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 30(2), 1189–1206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-025-09821-1
Zhang, J., Huang, J., & Hong, Y. (2022). Attitudes Toward Entrepreneurship Education, Post-pandemic Entrepreneurial Environment, and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy Among University Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(April). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.758511
Zhu, R., Liu, Z., Zhao, G., Huang, Z., & Yu, Q. (2023). The impact of institutional management on teacher entrepreneurship competency: The mediating role of entrepreneurial behaviour. International Journal of Management Education, 21(2), 100794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100794.
Published
2025-07-13
How to Cite
Suprianto, A., Cipto Wardoyo, & Satia Nur Maharani. (2025). Measuring Entrepreneurial Skills with Digital Literacy and Entrepreneurship Literacy as Mediators (A Study of Vocational High School Students in Blitar Regency). International Journal of Technology and Education Research, 3(03), 46-66. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v3i03.2042
.png)
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijeterjournal@gmail.com
