Risk Analysis of Ship Hatch Cover Operations Using Bowtie Analysis at Koja Container Terminal

Abstract

Abstract

Hatch cover opening and closing is an operational activity in container terminals that involves interaction between lifting equipment, personnel, and ship components, creating potential operational risks. This study aims to analyze the risk of hatch cover collision with surrounding objects during hatch cover opening and closing at Koja Container Terminal (TPK Koja), identify its contributing factors and consequences, and map the existing preventive and mitigative barriers. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using incident reports from 2020-2025, semi-structured interviews, field observations, and company documentation. Data were analyzed using Bowtie Analysis to systematically map the relationships between threats, top events, consequences, and risk barriers. The results identified hatch cover collision with objects around the hatch cover on the ship deck as the top event. The contributing factors consisted of communication disturbances, limited visibility, suboptimal QCC components, non-compliance with procedures, worker conditions, and unfavorable weather and environmental conditions. The consequences included damage to surrounding objects, reduced QCC performance, and temporary suspension of cargo handling when hatch locking components were damaged. This study provides an integrated qualitative risk mapping of hatch cover operations through the identification of casual factors, consequences, and preventive and mitigative barriers.