Legal Framework of International Trade and Its Impact on Indonesia’s Export Commodity Competitiveness

Abstract

This study examines the legal framework of international trade and its impact on the competitiveness of Indonesia’s export commodities in the global market. As global trade becomes increasingly regulated through multilateral agreements, regional trade frameworks, and national policies, legal structures play a crucial role in shaping market access, trade efficiency, and competitive advantage. This research adopts a normative juridical approach, analyzing international trade agreements, domestic regulations, and relevant legal doctrines affecting Indonesia’s export performance. The findings indicate that while international trade law provides opportunities for market expansion, it also imposes regulatory challenges such as compliance with non-tariff measures, sustainability standards, and technical barriers to trade. Indonesian export commodities, including palm oil, fisheries, and agricultural products, often face legal constraints related to environmental regulations, certification requirements, and trade restrictions in importing countries. Furthermore, inconsistencies between national regulations and international obligations may hinder the optimization of export potential. This study highlights the importance of legal harmonization, regulatory reform, and strategic trade policies to enhance Indonesia’s export competitiveness. Strengthening institutional capacity and aligning domestic laws with international standards are essential to overcoming legal barriers and maximizing opportunities in global trade. The research contributes to the discourse on the role of law in fostering sustainable and competitive export development.