Building the Future of Tourism: Stakeholder Synergy in the Sustainability Transition in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province
Keywords:
Stakeholder collaboration, sustainability transition, sustainable tourism development, regional tourism
Abstract
Sustainable tourism development in the transdisciplinary era demands strategies that are not only environmentally friendly but also community-oriented. The sustainability transition has become a key issue in efforts to achieve sustainable development goals, particularly in the context of regional tourism. This study explores stakeholder engagement in the sustainability transition, analyses their perceptions, and designs a collaborative model for the implementation of sustainable tourism. Adopting a qualitative approach based on critical discourse analysis, this research gathers data from policy documents, reports, media articles, and in-depth interviews with local government officials, tourism industry actors, local communities, and NGOs. The findings indicate that the local government has initiated sustainability transition discourse through the revision of the tourism master plan. Although stakeholders exhibit a positive perception of sustainability, significant challenges remain, particularly in rural destinations that receive limited attention. Hence, this study proposes a stakeholder collaboration model that emphasises cross-sectoral synergy as a strategic step towards achieving sustainable tourism in Sikka Regency. This model is expected to enhance community participation, strengthen local capacities, and ensure that tourism development aligns with sustainability principles.
References
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Partanen, M. and S. Sarkki (2021) ‘‘Social Innovations and Sustainability of Tourism: Insights From Public Sector in Kemi, Finland’, Tourist Studies 21(4): 550–71
Rotmans, J., Kemp, R., & Van Asselt, M. (2001). More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy. Foresight, 3(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/14636680110803003
Ruhanen, L. (2013). Local government: Facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.680463
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Scott, D., Hall, C. M., dan Gossling, S., (2019). A Global Climate Change Vulnerability Index for the tourism sector. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 49–61. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2019.05.007
Smith, A., Stirling, A., & Berkhout, F. (2005). The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions. Research Policy, 34(10), 1491–1510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.005
Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: How do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism? Sustainable Development, 17(4), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.384
Tops, J., & Lamers, M. (2024). Just tourism transitions? Sustainability policy interventions and implications on Boracay, Philippines. Tourism Geographies, 26(2), 237-254
Torres-Delgado, A., & Palomeque, F. L. (2014). Measuring sustainable tourism at the municipal level. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.09.003
Truffer, B., Murphy, J. T., & Raven, R. (2015). The geography of sustainability transitions: Contours of an emerging theme. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17, 63–72. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.004
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Van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Truffer, B., & Kallis, G. (2011). Environmental innovation and societal transitions: Introduction and overview. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1(1), 1–23. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.04.010
Waligo, V., J. Clarke and R. Hawkins (2015) ‘Embedding Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Strategies’, Annals of Tourism Research 55: 90–3
Wearing, S. L., M. Wearing and M. McDonald (2010) ‘Understanding Local Power and Interactional Processes in Sustainable Tourism: Exploring Village–Tour Operator Relations on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 18(1): 61–76
Wodak, R., and Meyer, M. (2009). Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd ed.). London: Sage. Pp.1-33
Becken, S., (2017). Evidence of a low-carbon tourism paradigm?. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(6), 832–850. doi: 10.1080/09669582.2016.1251446
Bramwell, B. (2011) ‘Governance, the State and Sustainable Tourism: A Political Economy Approach’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 19(4–5): 459–77
Byrd, E. T. (2007) ‘Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Development and Their Roles: Applying Stakeholder Theory to Sustainable Tourism Development’, Tourism Review 62(2): 6–13
Byrd, E. T. and L. D. Gustke (2004) ‘Identifying Tourism Stakeholder Groups Based on Support for Sustainable Tourism Development and Participation in Tourism Activities’, pp. 97–108 in F. D. Pineda, C. A. Brebbia and M. Mugica (eds) Sustainable Tourism. UK: WIT Press
Chan, J. K. (2010). Building sustainable tourism destination and developing responsible tourism: Conceptual framework, key issues and challenges. Tourism Development Journal–An International Research Journal, 8(1), 24–32.
Choi, H. C., & Sirakaya, E. (2006). Sustainability indicators for managing community tourism. Tourism Management, 27(6), 1274–1289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.05.018
Cornelisse, M. (2020) ‘Peru Case Study: Power Relations in Community-Based Tourism’, Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 18(4): 437–54
Fairclough, N., Wodak, R., and Mulderrig, J. (2011). Critical discourse analysis. In T. van Dijk (Ed.), Discourse Studies: A Multidisciplinary Introduction (2nd ed.). London: Sage. pp. 357-378
Farmaki, A. (2015) ‘Regional Network Governance and Sustainable Tourism’, Tourism Geographies 17(3): 385–407.
Geels, F. W., & Schot, J. (2011). The dynamics of socio-technical transitions. Asocio-technical perspective. in: Grin, J., Rotmans, J., Schot, J. (Eds.), Transitions to Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long-Term Transformative Change (pp. 11–104). Routledge.
Grin, J., Rotmans, J., & Schot, J. (2011). Transitions to Sustainable Development: New Directions in the Study of Long-Term Transformative Change. Routledge
Hassan, A., & Burns, P. (2014). Tourism policies of Bangladesh—A contextual analysis. Tourism Planning & Development, 11(4), 463-466
IPCC. (2018). Global Warming of 1.5 C. Summary for policymakers. Retrieved November 14, 2018, from http://report. ipcc.ch/sr15/pdf/sr15_spm_final.pdf
Koens, K., Postma, A., & Papp, B. (2018). Is overtourism overused? Understanding the impact of tourism in a city context. Sustainability, 10(12), 4384. doi:10.3390/su10124384
Köhler, J., Geels, F. W., Kern, F., Markard, J., Onsongo, E., Wieczorek, A., Alkemade, F., Avelino, F., Bergek, A., Boons, F., Fünfschilling, L., Hess, D., Holtz, G., Hyysalo, S., Jenkins, K., Kivimaa, P., Martiskainen, M., McMeekin, A., Mühlemeier, M. S., … Wells, P. (2019). An agenda for sustain¬ability transitions research: State of the art and future directions. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 31, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2019.01.004
Markard, J., Raven, R., & Truffer, B. (2012). Sustainability transitions: An emerging field of research and its prospects. Research Policy, 41(6), 955–967. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2012.02.013
Mata, J. (2019). Intelligence and innovation for city tourism sustainability. In E. F. Sola & C. Cooper (Eds.), The future of tourism (pp. 2123–2232). Cambridge: Springer
Murphy, J., & Smith, A. (2013). Understanding Transition—Periphery Dynamics: Renewable Energy in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 45(3), 691–709. https://doi.org/10.1068/a45190
Nguyen, T. Q. T., P. Johnson and T. Young (2022) ‘Networking, Coopetition and Sustainability of Tourism Destinations’, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 50: 400–11
Nguyen, T. Q. T., T. Young and P. Johnson (2019a) Tourismscapes for Sustainable Development: A Case Study in Da Nang, Vietnam’,inCAUTHE Conference 2019, Sustainability of Tourism, Hospitality & Events in a Disruptive Digital Age, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
Nguyen, T. Q. T., T. Young, P. Johnson, et al. (2019b) ‘Conceptualising Networks in Sustainable Tourism Development’, Tourism Management Perspectives 32: 1–11
Nunkoo, R. (2017) ‘Governance and Sustainable Tourism: What is the Role of Trust, Power and Social Capital?’, Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 6(4): 277–85
Padin, C. (2012). A sustainable tourism planning model: Components and relationships. European Business Review, 24(6), 510–518. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555341211270528
Partanen, M. and S. Sarkki (2021) ‘‘Social Innovations and Sustainability of Tourism: Insights From Public Sector in Kemi, Finland’, Tourist Studies 21(4): 550–71
Rotmans, J., Kemp, R., & Van Asselt, M. (2001). More evolution than revolution: Transition management in public policy. Foresight, 3(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/14636680110803003
Ruhanen, L. (2013). Local government: Facilitator or inhibitor of sustainable tourism development? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 21(1), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2012.680463
Sawu, M. R. (2024). Model Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Dalam Pengembangan Pariwisata Regeneratif di Desa Wisata Koja Doi, Kabupaten Sikka, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Thesis. Udayana University: Bali-Indonesia
Scott, D., dan Becken, S., (2010). Adapting to climate change and climate policy: Progress, problems and potentials. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(3), 283–295. doi:10.1080/09669581003668540
Scott, D., Gossling, S. (2018). Tourism and climate change mitigation. Embracing the Paris Agreement: Pathways to decarbonisation. European Travel Commission. Retrieved from January 14, 2019. https://etc-corporate.org/ uploads/2019/03/ETC-Climate-Change-Report_FINAL.pdf
Scott, D., Hall, C. M., dan Gossling, S., (2019). A Global Climate Change Vulnerability Index for the tourism sector. Annals of Tourism Research, 77, 49–61. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2019.05.007
Smith, A., Stirling, A., & Berkhout, F. (2005). The governance of sustainable socio-technical transitions. Research Policy, 34(10), 1491–1510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.07.005
Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2009). Sustainable tourism development: How do destination stakeholders perceive sustainable urban tourism? Sustainable Development, 17(4), 220–232. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.384
Tops, J., & Lamers, M. (2024). Just tourism transitions? Sustainability policy interventions and implications on Boracay, Philippines. Tourism Geographies, 26(2), 237-254
Torres-Delgado, A., & Palomeque, F. L. (2014). Measuring sustainable tourism at the municipal level. Annals of Tourism Research, 49, 122–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2014.09.003
Truffer, B., Murphy, J. T., & Raven, R. (2015). The geography of sustainability transitions: Contours of an emerging theme. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 17, 63–72. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2015.07.004
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. (2023). First global stocktake (revised advance version). https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/resource/cma2023_L17_adv.pdf
UNWTO (2019). Baseline report on the integration of sustainable consumption and production patterns into tourism policies. UNWTO
Van den Bergh, J. C. J. M., Truffer, B., & Kallis, G. (2011). Environmental innovation and societal transitions: Introduction and overview. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 1(1), 1–23. Available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eist.2011.04.010
Waligo, V., J. Clarke and R. Hawkins (2015) ‘Embedding Stakeholders in Sustainable Tourism Strategies’, Annals of Tourism Research 55: 90–3
Wearing, S. L., M. Wearing and M. McDonald (2010) ‘Understanding Local Power and Interactional Processes in Sustainable Tourism: Exploring Village–Tour Operator Relations on the Kokoda Track, Papua New Guinea’, Journal of Sustainable Tourism 18(1): 61–76
Wodak, R., and Meyer, M. (2009). Critical discourse analysis: History, agenda, theory and methodology. In R. Wodak & M. Meyer (Eds.), Methods of Critical Discourse Analysis (2nd ed.). London: Sage. Pp.1-33
Published
2025-02-17
How to Cite
Wisang, P. N., & Rosalina Andriyani Ebang Pareira. (2025). Building the Future of Tourism: Stakeholder Synergy in the Sustainability Transition in Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara Province . International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 4(02), 251-265. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v4i02.1596
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