George C. Edward III’s Policy Implementation Model in the Livable Housing Development Program in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency

Abstract

This study analyzes the implementation of the Livable Housing Development Program in North Bolaang Mongondow Regency using George C. Edward III’s policy implementation model. The analysis focuses on communication, resources, disposition, and bureaucratic structure, while also identifying contextual supporting and inhibiting factors. A qualitative case-study design was used. Data were designed to be obtained through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving purposively selected actors from the housing agency, field facilitators, sub-district and village governments, social affairs officials, beneficiaries, and an academic informant. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman interactive model and data credibility was addressed through source triangulation, technique triangulation, and member checking. The findings indicate that policy transmission has operated through formal and digital channels, but clarity and consistency remain uneven, particularly regarding beneficiary self-help obligations, material distribution schedules, and technical information. Resources are available but are constrained by personnel, operational support, logistics, fiscal capacity, and the integration of social and technical beneficiary data. Implementers generally show positive disposition and commitment, although support intensity varies across locations. The bureaucratic structure and division of roles are relatively clear, but special cases are handled slowly because escalation procedures are not sufficiently adaptive. Geographical conditions, weather, local mutual cooperation, builder availability, and beneficiary capacity strengthen or weaken implementation. The study recommends standardized beneficiary communication, improved facilitator-to-area allocation, integrated data verification, performance indicators for facilitation, and time-bound escalation procedures.