Employee Turnover and Organisational Vulnerability in a Growing Indonesian Dairy Collection Firm
Keywords:
Employee Turnover, Strategic Human Resource Management, Qualitative Case Study, Dairy Supply Chain, Workforce Stability
Abstract
Employee turnover is often treated as a routine HR cost, yet in fast-growing, time-critical operations it can become a strategic issue. This study examines turnover at PT Gusti Wijaya Sejahtera, a dairy milk collector in Malang Regency, East Java, whose weighted annual turnover rose from 8.12% in 2022 to 43.24% in 2025 as collected volume grew from about 2.2 to 13.9 million kilograms and operations moved toward a near-continuous 24-hour cycle. An exploratory qualitative single-case design drew on ten semi-structured interviews, analyzed thematically and triangulated against internal records. Turnover tracked growth that outpaced staffing, scheduling, onboarding, and knowledge-transfer systems, concentrating workload on experienced staff, though it was not the sole cause of quality deviations, delays, farmer attrition, or margin changes, which informants tied to other concurrent drivers. The study proposes phased SHRM priorities, minimum staffing, roster control, competency-based onboarding, structured handover, clearer compensation, and a simple HR dashboard, extending the social-exchange account of retention to a supplier-facing setting where turnover can privatize a relational asset.
References
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Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., & Grewal, D. (2007). A comparative longitudinal analysis of theoretical perspectives of interorganizational relationship performance. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 172–194.
Pfeffer, J. (1998). The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting People First. Harvard Business School Press.
Probst, T. M., & Brubaker, T. L. (2001). The effects of job insecurity on employee safety outcomes: Cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(2), 139–159.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.
Wahyu, A., & Zusmawati, Z. (2023). Pengaruh stres kerja, beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja non-fisik terhadap turnover intention karyawan perkebunan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 11(1), 33–45.
Wright, P. M., & McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2), 295–320.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Zhu, Z., Wang, H., Xu, M., Ma, X., & Luo, A. (2023). The relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention among nurses: A meta-analysis. BMC Nursing, 22, Article 289.
Allen, D. G., Bryant, P. C., & Vardaman, J. M. (2010). Retaining talent: Replacing misconceptions with evidence-based strategies. Academy of Management Perspectives, 24(2), 48–64.
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18.
Badan Gizi Nasional. (2025). Proyeksi kebutuhan susu nasional dalam program Makan Bergizi Gratis. Badan Gizi Nasional Republik Indonesia.
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Produksi susu segar menurut provinsi di Indonesia, 2022–2024. Badan Pusat Statistik.
Bendoly, E., Croson, R., Goncalves, P., & Schultz, K. (2010). Bodies of knowledge for research in behavioral operations. Production and Operations Management, 19(4), 434–452.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and Power in Social Life. John Wiley & Sons.
Bolt, E. E. T., Winterton, J., & Cafferkey, K. (2022). A century of labour turnover research: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Management Reviews, 24(4), 555–576.
Boselie, P., Dietz, G., & Boon, C. (2005). Commonalities and contradictions in HRM and performance research. Human Resource Management Journal, 15(3), 67–94.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Cascio, W. F. (2006). Managing Human Resources: Productivity, Quality of Work Life, Profits (7th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Christian, M. S., Bradley, J. C., Wallace, J. C., & Burke, M. J. (2009). Workplace safety: A meta-analysis of the roles of person and situation factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(5), 1103–1127.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900.
Dyer, J. H., & Singh, H. (1998). The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage. Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660–679.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.
Fitriantini, R., Agusdin, & Nurmayanti, S. (2020). Pengaruh beban kerja, kepuasan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap turnover intention. Jurnal Riset Manajemen, 20(2), 105–118.
Hancock, J. I., Allen, D. G., Bosco, F. A., McDaniel, K. R., & Pierce, C. A. (2013). Meta-analytic review of employee turnover as a predictor of firm performance. Journal of Management, 39(3), 573–603.
Hausknecht, J. P., & Trevor, C. O. (2011). Collective turnover at the group, unit, and organizational levels: Evidence, issues, and implications. Journal of Management, 37(1), 352–388.
Hom, P. W., Lee, T. W., Shaw, J. D., & Hausknecht, J. P. (2017). One hundred years of employee turnover theory and research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 530–545.
Huselid, M. A. (1995). The impact of human resource management practices on turnover, productivity, and corporate financial performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635–672.
Jiang, K., Lepak, D. P., Hu, J., & Baer, J. C. (2012). How does human resource management influence organizational outcomes? A meta-analytic investigation of mediating mechanisms. Academy of Management Journal, 55(6), 1264–1294.
Katadata. (2023). Produksi susu sapi Kabupaten Malang dan sentra produksi Jawa Timur. Databoks Katadata.
Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM. (2024). Data konsumsi dan produksi susu nasional. Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM Republik Indonesia.
Kementerian Pertanian. (2025). Laporan wabah Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) Jawa Timur. Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan.
Khalid, K., Nawab, S., & Hamid, M. (2022). Organizational culture, commitment, and work stress as predictors of turnover intention in Indonesian agribusiness. Journal of Asian Business Studies, 16(3), 421–439.
Khotimah, K., Nugroho, B. A., & Utami, H. D. (2024). Dampak wabah PMK terhadap produksi dan pendapatan peternak sapi perah di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Peternakan, 34(1), 55–68.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived organizational support: A meta-analytic evaluation of organizational support theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Mobley, W. H. (1982). Employee Turnover: Causes, Consequences, and Control. Addison-Wesley.
Ombudsman Republik Indonesia. (2022). Kajian dampak ekonomi wabah PMK terhadap peternak sapi perah. Ombudsman RI.
Palmatier, R. W., Dant, R. P., & Grewal, D. (2007). A comparative longitudinal analysis of theoretical perspectives of interorganizational relationship performance. Journal of Marketing, 71(4), 172–194.
Pfeffer, J. (1998). The Human Equation: Building Profits by Putting People First. Harvard Business School Press.
Probst, T. M., & Brubaker, T. L. (2001). The effects of job insecurity on employee safety outcomes: Cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(2), 139–159.
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.
Wahyu, A., & Zusmawati, Z. (2023). Pengaruh stres kerja, beban kerja dan lingkungan kerja non-fisik terhadap turnover intention karyawan perkebunan. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 11(1), 33–45.
Wright, P. M., & McMahan, G. C. (1992). Theoretical perspectives for strategic human resource management. Journal of Management, 18(2), 295–320.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Zhu, Z., Wang, H., Xu, M., Ma, X., & Luo, A. (2023). The relationship between perceived organizational support and turnover intention among nurses: A meta-analysis. BMC Nursing, 22, Article 289.
Published
2026-07-20
How to Cite
Pramasetya Kinasih Gusti. (2026). Employee Turnover and Organisational Vulnerability in a Growing Indonesian Dairy Collection Firm. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 4(03), 581-595. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i03.5405
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