Village Economic Capacity as the Foundation for Sustainable Tourism Development: A Village Index-Based Measurement Model Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Keywords:
Rural Tourism Supply Capacity, Village Index, Sustainable Tourism, Village Economic Capacity, Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Abstract
Rural tourism development requires a strong internal capacity of villages to provide tourism products, services, supporting facilities, and institutional resources. This study aims to develop and validate a Rural Tourism Supply Capacity (RTSC) measurement model based on village economic indicators using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with AMOS. The study employed a quantitative approach using secondary data from the Village Index of 285 villages in Kerinci Regency, Indonesia. Six observed indicators were examined as dimensions of RTSC: village superior products, creative economy, economic activities, restaurants, accommodation facilities, and economic institutions. All indicators significantly represented the RTSC construct (p < 0.05). Among the indicators, village superior products showed the strongest contribution (λ = 0.898; SMC = 0.806), followed by economic activities and creative economy. The findings confirm that village economic capacity, particularly local products and community-based economic activities, forms the foundation of rural tourism supply development. This study contributes a validated measurement framework for assessing village readiness and supporting evidence-based strategies for sustainable rural tourism development.
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Vašaničová, P. et al. (2023) ‘Do Travel and Tourism Competitiveness determine International Tourism Inbound Receipts? A Quantile Regression Model for 125 Countries’, Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(26), pp. 137–152. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i26.482.
Cirer-Costa, J.C. (2021) ‘Economic and social resilience accounts for the recovery of Ibiza’s tourism sector’, Tourism Geographies, 23(3), pp. 479–500. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2020.1722214.
Crouch, G.I. and Ritchie, J.R.B. (1999) ‘Tourism, competitiveness, and societal prosperity’, Journal of Business Research, 44(3), pp. 137–152. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(97)00196-3.
Davardoust, S. and Karahan, F. (2021) ‘Evaluation of sustainable rural tourism. The case of uzundere district, erzurum, turkey’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(18). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810218.
Gavurova, B., Rigelsky, M. and Mikeska, M. (2023) ‘Relationships between road transport indicators and expenditure of visitors in the context of European countries’ tourism competitiveness’, Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy, 18(2), pp. 393–418. Available at: https://doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.012.
Gilaninia, S. and Sharifi, R. (2022) ‘Economic Factors Affecting Tourism Supply’, International Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 3(10), pp. 79–83.
Haryono, G. et al. (2026) ‘Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of Tourismpreneurship Based on Village Index Dimensions in Enhancing Tourism Competitiveness’, International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 04(01), pp. 83–97. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i01.2756.
Hastuti, H. and Assriyani, A. (2021) ‘Sustainable Tourism Implementation and Challenges Faced By Hoteliers Through Tourism Practices in Prawirotaman Tourist Village, Yogyakarta Special Region Province’, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, pp. 141–157. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46754/jssm.2021.01.013.
Hiyab, W.G. et al. (2023) ‘the Epistemological Values of Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Index and Its Predictive Powers on Tourist Arrivals in Africa; Pls-Sem Approach’, Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites , 49(3), pp. 1046–1055. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.49320-1104.
Jędruch, M., Furmankiewicz, M. and Kaczmarek, I. (2020) ‘Spatial analysis of asymmetry in the development of tourism infrastructure in the borderlands: The case of the bystrzyckie and orlickie mountains’, ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information, 9(8). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9080470.
Juma, L.O. and Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019) ‘Community-based tourism and sustainable development of rural regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the citizenry’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(17). Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733.
Kuklina, M. et al. (2021) ‘Prospects for the development of sustainable tourism in the okinsky district of the republic of buryatia’, Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(14), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/su13148042.
Meldona et al. (2023) ‘Innovation capability and risk attitude mediate the effects of knowledge management and financial literacy on MSME performance’, Journal of Social Economics Research, 10(4), pp. 194–214. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18488/35.v10i4.3555.
Mulyani, Y. et al. (2022) ‘Strategies for Village Tourism Development in Coastal During Covid-19: Challenges and Opportunities’, Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites, 43(3), pp. 887–894. Available at: https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43307-901.
Nantavisit et al. (2024) ‘Constructing elements of a destination’s image depending on the measurement and development of travel and tourism competitiveness indicators’, Quality - Access to Success, 25(201), pp. 40–53. Available at: https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/25.201.06.
Nematpour, M. et al. (2024) ‘Developing a Competitive and Sustainable Model for the Future of a Destination: Iran’s Tourism Competitiveness’, International Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Administration, 25(1), pp. 92–124. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2022.2081279.
Nurvianti and Hastuti (2021) ‘Community Participation in the Development of Taman Sari Tourism Village, Yogyakarta, Indonesia’, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 16(5), pp. 263–287. Available at: https://doi.org/10.46754/JSSM.2021.07.017.
Permatasari, I., Widiati, I.A.P. and Suryani, L.P. (2019) ‘The Model of Tourism Village Development in the District of Tabanan’, International Journal of Sosiological Jurisprudence, 2(2), pp. 6–12.
Ribes, J.F.P., Rodríguez, A.R. and Jiménez, M.S. (2011) ‘Determinants of the competitive advantage of residential tourism destinations in Spain’, Tourism Economics, 17(2), pp. 373–403. Available at: https://doi.org/10.5367/te.2011.0040.
Sari, A.E. et al. (2022) ‘Factors Affecting The formation of Tourism Village : Focusing on Components Tourism Supply in Indonesia’, Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(4), pp. 9661–9670.
Sari, A.E. and Hamdani, D. (2024) ‘Analysis Location Quotient of Tourism Supply Using Geoda Approach in Indonesia’, International Journal of Economics, Businesss and Innovation Reserach, 03(05), pp. 221–232. Available at: https://doi.org/10.99075/ijebir/issue/view/50.v1i01.1097.
Sari, A.E., Haryono, G. and Yuliviona, R. (2024) ‘Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) To Measure Competitive Advantage in Tourism Village From Supply Tourism Perspectives’, International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 03(01), pp. 110–126. Available at: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/dp.v32i1.10678.
Sarmento, E.M. and Monteiro, J.L.M. (2023) ‘Tourism competitiveness in Cape Verde: the case of Tarrafal/Santiago’, Journal of Tourism and Development, 42, pp. 117–132. Available at: https://doi.org/10.34624/rtd.v42i0.29971.
SumantrI, Y. (2020) ‘Developing Strategy for Heritage Tourism Supply Chain Quality Management’, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(10), pp. 423–432. Available at: https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2020.vol7.no10.423.
Tao, Z. and Huaju, X. (2020) ‘Analysis the difference between supply and demand of tourism development in relocated villages for poverty alleviation Take Deji Tibetan village, Qinghai as an example’, Proceedings - 2020 2nd International Conference on Economic Management and Model Engineering, ICEMME 2020, pp. 113–116. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEMME51517.2020.00030.
Vašaničová, P. et al. (2023) ‘Do Travel and Tourism Competitiveness determine International Tourism Inbound Receipts? A Quantile Regression Model for 125 Countries’, Journal of Tourism and Services, 14(26), pp. 137–152. Available at: https://doi.org/10.29036/jots.v14i26.482.
Published
2026-07-18
How to Cite
Ayu Esteka Sari, Gampo Haryono, & Ida Yusnita. (2026). Village Economic Capacity as the Foundation for Sustainable Tourism Development: A Village Index-Based Measurement Model Using Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 4(03), 512-529. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i03.5312
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