Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of Tourismpreneurship Based on Village Index Dimensions in Enhancing Tourism Competitiveness
Keywords:
CFA, Tourismpreneurship, Tourism, Village Index, Village Potential
Abstract
Village-based tourism plays an important role in promoting inclusive and sustainable local economic development, particularly in rural areas with strong natural and cultural potential. However, tourism development in many villages is constrained by uneven entrepreneurial capacity and limited supporting economic infrastructure. This study aims to develop and validate a tourismpreneurship measurement model based on Village Index dimensions, focusing on the economic dimension, using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The research was conducted in Kerinci Regency, Indonesia, involving 285 villages through a full sampling approach. Data were collected using structured questionnaires with a five-point Likert scale and analyzed using IBM SPSS AMOS. The economic dimension was operationalized through two latent constructs: Village Production (four indicators) and Economic Support Facilities (eight indicators). The CFA results indicate an acceptable model fit (CMIN/DF = 2.439; GFI = 0.928; RMSEA = 0.071). Village Flagship Products (λ = 0.866) and Postal and Logistics Services (λ = 0.616) emerge as the most influential indicators. The moderate correlation between constructs (r = 0.403) confirms discriminant validity. These findings support the use of the Village Index framework to strengthen tourismpreneurship and village tourism competitiveness. This study contributes theoretically by integrating tourismpreneurship within the Village Index framework and methodologically by validating a multidimensional economic model using CFA.
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Xiang, F. (2025). The impact of rural tourism entrepreneurs’ hometown identity on entrepreneurial persistence. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1513420
Cheng, J., Chen, Z., Yuan, C., & Gao, X. (2018). A study on the relationship between life satisfaction and place identity of migrant tourism entrepreneurs: A case study of Lijiang ancient town. Journal of Zhejiang University, Science Edition, 45(5), 634–641. https://doi.org/10.3785/j.issn.1008-9497.2018.05.016
Czernek-Marszałek, K., Wójcik, D., Juszczyk, P., Piotrowski, P., & Richard, B. (2024). Turning crisis into chances: Tourism entrepreneurs’ timing strategies amidst emergencies. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 20(3), 78–103. https://doi.org/10.7341/20242035
Dar, S. A., & Bashir, N. U. (2024). Influence of personality trait on business performance: The mediating role of risk aversion in hybrid tourism entrepreneurs. Turyzm/Tourism, 34(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.34.2.09
Dias, Á., & Silva, G. M. (2021). Lifestyle entrepreneurship and innovation in rural areas: The case of tourism entrepreneurs. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 31(4), 40–49. https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.29474
Hallak, R., Lee, C., & Mustafa, M. (2023). Editorial: The psychology of tourism entrepreneurs. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 05(4), Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeee-09-2021-461
Haryono, G., & Albetris, A. (2024). Effect of Electronic Word of Mouth (E-Wom) on Visiting Intention Mediated By Destination Image At the Rawa Bento Tourism Object. Journal of Business …, 7(2), 26–36. https://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/jbsmr/article/view/31927%0Ahttps://mail.online-journal.unja.ac.id/jbsmr/article/download/31927/18375
Haryono, G., Johannes, J., Junaidi, J., & Yacob, S. (2022). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on The Resilience of Tourism Actors with The Support of Government Policies on Rural Tourism in Jambi Province. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economic and Education, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-12-2021.2318317
Haryono, G., & Lova, A. N. (2025). Determination of Organizational Resilience: Entrepreneurial Orientation Moderation of Government Policy on Tourism in Jambi Province. TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, 4(1), 208–219.
Haryono, G., Sarmigi, E., & Siswadhi, F. (2024). Analysis of tourist satisfaction in realising returns and recommending rural tourism destinations in Jambi province. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 10(4), 145–154.
Khoo, C., Yang, E. C. L., Tan, R. Y. Y., Alonso-Vazquez, M., Ricaurte-Quijano, C., Pécot, M., & Barahona-Canales, D. (2024). Opportunities and challenges of digital competencies for women tourism entrepreneurs in Latin America: a gendered perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(3), 519–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2189622
Kramvig, B., & Førde, A. (2020). Stories of reconciliation enacted in the everyday lives of Sámi tourism entrepreneurs. Acta Borealia, 37(1–2), 27–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2020.1752463
Matusin, A. M. R. A., Siwar, C., & Halim, S. A. (2020). Assessment of Tourism Entrepreneurs’ Exposure To Natural Disasters: a Case Study of Ranau Earthquake (2015). Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 15(8), 167–190. https://doi.org/10.46754/JSSM.2020.12.013
Nompumelelo, N., & Ezeuduji, I. O. (2024). Women Tourism Entrepreneurs in KwaZulu–Natal, South Africa: Capabilities and Challenges? Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism Research, 7(1), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.7.1.1993
Phuanpoh, Y., & Ketsomboon, N. (2023). Development of Integrated Marketing Communication Model for Health Tourism Entrepreneurs to Accommodate Elderly Tourists in the World Heritage City for Elderly Tourists (Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya District). WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 20, 1320–1335. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2023.20.118
Potjanajaruwit, P. (2022). the New Normal Lifestyle Technology Development for Tourism Entrepreneurs of Samut Songkhram Province To Resolve the Covid19 Crisis in the Short and Long Term in Thailand. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites , 43(3), 1038–1044. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.43324-918
Rodriguez-Sanchez, I., Williams, A. M., & Brotons, M. (2019). The innovation journey of new-to-tourism entrepreneurs. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(8), 877–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1334763
Sari, A. E. (2023). Digital Tourism Analysis Based On Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) To Improve Tourist Destinations In Kerinci Regency. International Journal of Economics, Businesss and Innovation Reserach, 02(05), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.99075/ijebir/issue/view/23.v1i01.497
Sari, A. E., Haryono, G., & Yuliviona, R. (2024a). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) To Measure Competitive Advantage in Tourism Village From Supply Tourism Perspectives. International Journal of Ecomics, Business and Inovastion Research, 3(1), 111–126. https://www.e-journal.citakonsultindo.or.id/index.php/IJEBIR/article/view/652%0Ahttps://www.e-journal.citakonsultindo.or.id/index.php/IJEBIR/article/download/652/529
Sari, A. E., Haryono, G., & Yuliviona, R. (2024b). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) To Measure Competitive Advantage in Tourism Village From Supply Tourism Perspectives. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 03(01), 110–126. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/dp.v32i1.10678
Sari, A. E., & Maryanto. (2025). Determination of Digital Accounting Factors to Increase MSMEs Income. International Journal of Economics, Businesss and Innovation Reserach, 04(02), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.99075/ijebir/issue/view/62.v1i01.1589
Sari, A. E., Taifur, W. D., & Muharja, F. (2022). Factors Affecting The formation of Tourism Village : Focusing on Components Tourism Supply in Indonesia. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(4), 9661–9670.
Sixaba, Z., & Rogerson, C. M. (2023). Peripheral Tourism Entrepreneurs in a Resource-Constrained Environment: Evidence From Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. Geojournal of Tourism and Geosites , 47(2), 370–380. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.47202-1034
Sørensen, F., Jensen, J. F., & Skou Grindsted, T. (2025). A business model framework for nature tourism entrepreneurs. Journal of Ecotourism, 24(2), 196–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14724049.2024.2385774
Xiang, F. (2025). The impact of rural tourism entrepreneurs’ hometown identity on entrepreneurial persistence. Frontiers in Psychology, 16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1513420
Published
2026-01-09
How to Cite
Haryono, G., Rio Baviga, Efrianto, Ingga Kharisma Degama, & Anton Setiawan. (2026). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of Tourismpreneurship Based on Village Index Dimensions in Enhancing Tourism Competitiveness. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 4(01), 83-97. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i01.2756
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