The Influence of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance with Managerial Skills as Mediator
Keywords:
Servant LEadership, Managerial skill, Employee Performance
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of servant leadership on employee performance with managerial skills as a mediating variable. The background of this research is based on the importance of a leadership style that serves in creating a productive work environment, especially in Correctional Institutions which have high work challenges. In this context, managerial skills are seen as an important factor in optimizing the influence of leadership on performance. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method on prison employees in Malang. The data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on Partial Least Squares (PLS). The results of the study show that servant leadership has a positive and significant effect on performance. In addition, managerial skills also have a significant influence on performance and mediate the relationship between servant leadership and employee performance. These findings affirm the importance of developing servant leadership and strengthening managerial skills to improve employee performance. The application of a service-oriented leadership style, when accompanied by good managerial skills, is able to create more optimal performance in complex work environments such as prisons.
References
REFERENCES
Agusta, N. F., & Azmy, A. (2023). Servant Leadership and Career Development: Supporting Employee Growth. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(12), 350. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i12.5320
Anwar, S., Hardhienata, S., & Sunardi, O. (2024). Increasing The Quality Of Lecturer Service Through Strengthening Servant Leadership, Empowerment, Work Motivation, And Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study Approach using Path Analysis and SITOREM Analysis. 1, 508–527.
Aquino, S. R. A. (2023). Managerial Skills and Organizational Performance among School Heads: A Contingency Management Action Plan. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(3), 890–895. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023. 31750
Ashari, R. P., M, S. B. P., F, M. A. A., & Anshori, M. I. (2024). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Innovative Employee Performance Improvement. 1(2).
Basalama, M. Z. S., & Piartrini, P. S. (2019). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment on the Performance of Employees of the Fund Section of Bank Sulawesi Kendari. E-Journal of Management, 8(10), 5984–6001.
Beenen, G., Pichler, S., Livingston, B., & Riggio, R. (2021). The Good Manager: Development and Validation of the Managerial Interpersonal Skills Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631390
Dafiq, M., & Solihat, A. (2023). Correlation between Commitment and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 4(4), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v4i4.466
Danial, M. (2019). Risk Management Strategies in Fixed Income Securities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1), 1–14.
Desai, S. J. D., Chaudhari, D. R. N., Rathwa, D. Y. H., Sipai, D. S. A., Bhuriya, D. K. P., & Patel, D. P. C. (2024). Managerial Skills in Agriculture: the Crucial Role for Professionals and Farmers. Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 13, 3, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.58532/v3bkso13p4ch4
Englmaier, F., Muehlheusser, G., Roider, A., & Wallmeier, N. (2022). Management and Performance in the Public Sector: Evidence from German Municipalities. SSRN Electronic Journal, 10060. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4273434
Esther, D., Contreras, A., David, J., & Padilla, M. (2023). Management skills as a factor of business competitiveness. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2023109
Fakhri, M., Raharja, S. J., Purnomo, M., & Rivani, R. (2024). Developing potential of female employees: The mediating role of engagement and citizenship behavior in servant leadership. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3967
Farooqui, N. S., & Sciences, M. (2024). Servant Leadership, Trust, Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Triadic Model for Educational Achievement. 6(3), 445–456.
Fauzy, T. R., & Ristanti, D. M. R. (2022). Analysis of the Influence of Work Skills and Employee Behavior on Employee Performance with Managerial Role Variables as Moderation. Journal of Genetics, 3(2), 102–111.
Ghozali. (2014). Application of Multivariate analysis with SPSS Program. UNDIPP Publishing Agency.
Greenleaf. (1970). Mission Command when waging cyber operations. 24th International Command and Control Research & Technology Symposium, 43(8), 338.
Hoover, K., & Douglas, M. (2018). Learning servant leadership and identifying community-based strategies in times of divide: A student, faculty, community partner interfaith collaboration. Journal of Leadership Education, 17(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.12806/v17/i2/a1
Joni, I. M., Putra, D., Utari, N. D., & Wirata, G. (2024). The Effect of Knowledge Sharing, Innovation Behavior and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Badung Regency Bappeda Employees. 5(3), 2066–2072.
Katz, R. L. (1974). Skills of an effective administrator People: Managing Your Most Important Asset. Harvard Business Review, September. https://hbr.org/1974/09/ skills-of-an-effective-administrator/accessed on October 09, 2022
Kavitha. (2023). Global Dynamics in HR Practices: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis on Collaboration, Recruitment, Selection, and Performance Appraisal. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 5(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/ 10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i06.11558
Kumari, K., Abbas, J., Hwang, J., & Cioca, L. I. (2022). Does Servant Leadership Promote Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees? A Structural Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su14095231
Mahadiputra, B. O., & Khairunnisah, N. A. (2023). Management of Human Resource Management in an Effort to Improve Performance and Motivation Through a Reward System at Karywawan Pegadaian North Lombok Branch. Business Management, 2(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.58258/bisnis.v2i2.6499
Mashavira, N., & Chipunza, C. (2021). Managerial conceptual competencies and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Zimbabwe. Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4102/SAJESBM.V13I1.386
Masreviastuti, Himmah, M., Helmy, A., Aini, L. N., Fauziah, & Nurtjahjani, F. (2022). Guidance on the Implementation of Servant Leadership for PKK Women RW 03 Ketawanggede Village, Malang. Reswara : Journal of Community Service, 3(1).
Moha, Y. A. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Career Development and Job Satisfaction on Improving the Performance of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Regional Secretariats. 1(3), 110–117.
Mohamed, S. A., D., D. K., & R., D. J. (2022). Decision Making Capability of Management & Its Optimum Effectiveness with Competent Technical Skills in Business Process Management. Webology, 19(1), 4055–4067. https://doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1 web19267
Muhammad Basri, & Rosfiah Arsal. (2022). The Effect of Employee Work Effectiveness and Efficiency on the Organizational Performance of the Kendari City Social Service. Journal of Public, 5(4), 1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v5i4.52
N, A. (2016). Managerial Time Management. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 5(2), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000171
Nadeak, S. A. Y., & Siregar, O. M. (2022). The Effect of Training and Servant Leadership on the Emergence of Work Engagement in Employees of Pt. Bank Sumut Balige Branch During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Research, 1(9), 1076–1085. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i9.1377
Nazir, T., & Iqbal, A. (2024). Servant leadership and employee innovative behaviour: Unpacking the role of support for innovation and creative self-efficacy in knowledge intensive service context. The Business and Management Review, 15(01), 15–17. https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v15nu01/art-02
Nazirwan, N., & Fadhlan, F. (2024). Performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the General Administration and Personnel Section at the Sawahlunto City Population Control and Family Planning Health Service. Adabi: Journal of Public Administration and Business, 11(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.62066/jpab.v11i1.16
Novak, J., & Rebernjak, B. (2023). Latent structure and reliability : A large-scale Monte Carlo study. 20(1), 1–36.
Parwati, N. P. Y., Yuesti, A., & Suardhika, I. N. (2020). Leadership Servant and Organizational Climate. IJSEGCE, 3(1), 377–382.
Pradipta, D. A., & Pusparini, E. S. (2024). Uncovering the Power of Perceived Organizational Support and Servant Leadership on Employee Performance: Exploring Work Engagement as a Key Mediator in the Public Sector. Journal of Management and Organization, 14(4), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v14i4.47281
Pradnyaswari, N. P. Y., Saravistha, D. B., & Aristiawan, I. G. N. (2023). Duties and Authority of Correctional Officers for Inmates Who Violate Rules of Conduct in Class IIb Correctional Institution Tabanan. AL-DALIL: Journal of Social, Political, and Legal Sciences, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.58707/ aldalil.v1i2.437
Pranata, R. D., & Zagladi, A. N. (2024). The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance through Employee Involvement at Pt. Inti Dragon Suryatama. Journal of Development Innovation, 12(3), 1–10.
Pujiastutianingsih, K., & Ricky, R. (2023). Implementation of Servant Leadership at "X" Christian High School in Surabaya. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 6(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.9744/petraijbs.6.2.146-156
Putra, S., Tuerah, P., Mesra, R., Sukwika, T., Sarman, F., Nir, Nuzulul Arifin, Nuruzzaman, M., Susmita, N., Nilawati, Sari, Mike Nurmalia, Ladjin, N., Mulyapradana, A., Sinaga, Enny Keristiana, & Akbar, Jakub Saddam. (2023). QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS: theories and practical guides for quantitative data analysis. In Qualitative Research Methods (Issue May 2024). http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30547/5/BAB III.pdf
Ramdhani, G., Pintor, S., & Patiro, S. (2024). The Mediation Role of Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Employees of the Education Office. Jimkes, 12(6), 2241–2250. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v12i6.2915
Rosier, K., Llaugel, F., & Ridley, D. (2024). A Corporate Managerial Framework for Collaboration Skills Training of Employees From Formerly Oppressed Communities. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 26(3), 155–176. https://doi.org /10.33423/jabe.v26i3.7139
Rossi, L., Pasca, M. G., Arcese, G., & Poponi, S. (2024). Innovation, researcher and creativity: A complex indicator for territorial evaluation capacity. Technology in Society, 77(April), 102545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102545
Sagara, Y., Permatasari, I., & Soemantri, R. (2020). The Effect of Need for Achievement on Job Performance with Budgetary Participation as an Intervening Variable. Journal of Accounting & Tax Research (JRAP), 7(01), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.35838/jrap.v7i01.1526
Shaasha, I., Msabah, B. A., Shaasha, I., Msabah, B. A., & Kyule, A. K. (2024). Moderating Effect of Empowerment on Servant Leadership and Church Spiritual Growth Moderating Effect of Empowerment on Servant Leadership and Church Spiritual Growth. American Journal of Leadership and Governance, 9(2), 38–63.
Silalahi, M., Candra, V., Grace, E., Simatupang, S., & Julyanthry, J. (2022). Servant Leadership and Its Influence on Employee Performance. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i2.232
Siregar, B., Putra, R., & Akmal, N. (2024). Construct Analysis of AMDA Model Syntax Using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square ( SEM-PLS ) Method. 10(10), 8219–8226. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.9041
Smith, C. (2005). Servant leadership : the leadership theory of Robert K Greenleaf. Leadership Quarterly, 1–17.
Sugiarti, E. (2022). The role of leadership in efforts to improve the quality of work, supported by strengthening work morale. SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION: Economics, Accounting, Management and Business, 5(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v5i1.439
Syaputra, H., Prahastiwi, D. P., Dewi, R., & Sari, N. (2019). Crime Statistics 2024. In Directorate of Social Resilience Statistics (Vol. 11, Issue 1). http://scioteca.caf.com /bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Tyaningsih, S., & Nurachadijat, K. (2023). The Influence of Leadership Style and Motivation in an Organization. Journal on Education, 6(1), 3286–3299. https://doi.org /10.31004/joe.v6i1.2999
Wijaya, N. S. K., & Saputra, E. T. (2024). Factors Affecting Managerial Performance in Regional Apparatus Organizations in Boyolali Regency. Jekombis : Journal of Management and Business Economics Research, 3(4), 01–23.
Agusta, N. F., & Azmy, A. (2023). Servant Leadership and Career Development: Supporting Employee Growth. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 10(12), 350. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v10i12.5320
Anwar, S., Hardhienata, S., & Sunardi, O. (2024). Increasing The Quality Of Lecturer Service Through Strengthening Servant Leadership, Empowerment, Work Motivation, And Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study Approach using Path Analysis and SITOREM Analysis. 1, 508–527.
Aquino, S. R. A. (2023). Managerial Skills and Organizational Performance among School Heads: A Contingency Management Action Plan. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 4(3), 890–895. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.2023. 31750
Ashari, R. P., M, S. B. P., F, M. A. A., & Anshori, M. I. (2024). The Role of Transformational Leadership in Innovative Employee Performance Improvement. 1(2).
Basalama, M. Z. S., & Piartrini, P. S. (2019). The Influence of Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment on the Performance of Employees of the Fund Section of Bank Sulawesi Kendari. E-Journal of Management, 8(10), 5984–6001.
Beenen, G., Pichler, S., Livingston, B., & Riggio, R. (2021). The Good Manager: Development and Validation of the Managerial Interpersonal Skills Scale. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(March), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631390
Dafiq, M., & Solihat, A. (2023). Correlation between Commitment and Organizational Performance. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 4(4), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.46336/ijbesd.v4i4.466
Danial, M. (2019). Risk Management Strategies in Fixed Income Securities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1), 1–14.
Desai, S. J. D., Chaudhari, D. R. N., Rathwa, D. Y. H., Sipai, D. S. A., Bhuriya, D. K. P., & Patel, D. P. C. (2024). Managerial Skills in Agriculture: the Crucial Role for Professionals and Farmers. Futuristic Trends in Social Sciences Volume 3 Book 13, 3, 127–134. https://doi.org/10.58532/v3bkso13p4ch4
Englmaier, F., Muehlheusser, G., Roider, A., & Wallmeier, N. (2022). Management and Performance in the Public Sector: Evidence from German Municipalities. SSRN Electronic Journal, 10060. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4273434
Esther, D., Contreras, A., David, J., & Padilla, M. (2023). Management skills as a factor of business competitiveness. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.58763/rc2023109
Fakhri, M., Raharja, S. J., Purnomo, M., & Rivani, R. (2024). Developing potential of female employees: The mediating role of engagement and citizenship behavior in servant leadership. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i6.3967
Farooqui, N. S., & Sciences, M. (2024). Servant Leadership, Trust, Organizational Citizenship Behavior: Triadic Model for Educational Achievement. 6(3), 445–456.
Fauzy, T. R., & Ristanti, D. M. R. (2022). Analysis of the Influence of Work Skills and Employee Behavior on Employee Performance with Managerial Role Variables as Moderation. Journal of Genetics, 3(2), 102–111.
Ghozali. (2014). Application of Multivariate analysis with SPSS Program. UNDIPP Publishing Agency.
Greenleaf. (1970). Mission Command when waging cyber operations. 24th International Command and Control Research & Technology Symposium, 43(8), 338.
Hoover, K., & Douglas, M. (2018). Learning servant leadership and identifying community-based strategies in times of divide: A student, faculty, community partner interfaith collaboration. Journal of Leadership Education, 17(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.12806/v17/i2/a1
Joni, I. M., Putra, D., Utari, N. D., & Wirata, G. (2024). The Effect of Knowledge Sharing, Innovation Behavior and Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Badung Regency Bappeda Employees. 5(3), 2066–2072.
Katz, R. L. (1974). Skills of an effective administrator People: Managing Your Most Important Asset. Harvard Business Review, September. https://hbr.org/1974/09/ skills-of-an-effective-administrator/accessed on October 09, 2022
Kavitha. (2023). Global Dynamics in HR Practices: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis on Collaboration, Recruitment, Selection, and Performance Appraisal. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 5(6), 1–17. https://doi.org/ 10.36948/ijfmr.2023.v05i06.11558
Kumari, K., Abbas, J., Hwang, J., & Cioca, L. I. (2022). Does Servant Leadership Promote Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Employees? A Structural Analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(9). https://doi.org/ 10.3390/su14095231
Mahadiputra, B. O., & Khairunnisah, N. A. (2023). Management of Human Resource Management in an Effort to Improve Performance and Motivation Through a Reward System at Karywawan Pegadaian North Lombok Branch. Business Management, 2(2), 135–141. https://doi.org/10.58258/bisnis.v2i2.6499
Mashavira, N., & Chipunza, C. (2021). Managerial conceptual competencies and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Zimbabwe. Southern African Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4102/SAJESBM.V13I1.386
Masreviastuti, Himmah, M., Helmy, A., Aini, L. N., Fauziah, & Nurtjahjani, F. (2022). Guidance on the Implementation of Servant Leadership for PKK Women RW 03 Ketawanggede Village, Malang. Reswara : Journal of Community Service, 3(1).
Moha, Y. A. (2024). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Career Development and Job Satisfaction on Improving the Performance of State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in Regional Secretariats. 1(3), 110–117.
Mohamed, S. A., D., D. K., & R., D. J. (2022). Decision Making Capability of Management & Its Optimum Effectiveness with Competent Technical Skills in Business Process Management. Webology, 19(1), 4055–4067. https://doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1 web19267
Muhammad Basri, & Rosfiah Arsal. (2022). The Effect of Employee Work Effectiveness and Efficiency on the Organizational Performance of the Kendari City Social Service. Journal of Public, 5(4), 1127–1138. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v5i4.52
N, A. (2016). Managerial Time Management. Journal of Accounting & Marketing, 5(2), 2–5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9601.1000171
Nadeak, S. A. Y., & Siregar, O. M. (2022). The Effect of Training and Servant Leadership on the Emergence of Work Engagement in Employees of Pt. Bank Sumut Balige Branch During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Social Research, 1(9), 1076–1085. https://doi.org/10.55324/josr.v1i9.1377
Nazir, T., & Iqbal, A. (2024). Servant leadership and employee innovative behaviour: Unpacking the role of support for innovation and creative self-efficacy in knowledge intensive service context. The Business and Management Review, 15(01), 15–17. https://doi.org/10.24052/bmr/v15nu01/art-02
Nazirwan, N., & Fadhlan, F. (2024). Performance of the State Civil Apparatus in the General Administration and Personnel Section at the Sawahlunto City Population Control and Family Planning Health Service. Adabi: Journal of Public Administration and Business, 11(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.62066/jpab.v11i1.16
Novak, J., & Rebernjak, B. (2023). Latent structure and reliability : A large-scale Monte Carlo study. 20(1), 1–36.
Parwati, N. P. Y., Yuesti, A., & Suardhika, I. N. (2020). Leadership Servant and Organizational Climate. IJSEGCE, 3(1), 377–382.
Pradipta, D. A., & Pusparini, E. S. (2024). Uncovering the Power of Perceived Organizational Support and Servant Leadership on Employee Performance: Exploring Work Engagement as a Key Mediator in the Public Sector. Journal of Management and Organization, 14(4), 440–457. https://doi.org/10.29244/jmo.v14i4.47281
Pradnyaswari, N. P. Y., Saravistha, D. B., & Aristiawan, I. G. N. (2023). Duties and Authority of Correctional Officers for Inmates Who Violate Rules of Conduct in Class IIb Correctional Institution Tabanan. AL-DALIL: Journal of Social, Political, and Legal Sciences, 1(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.58707/ aldalil.v1i2.437
Pranata, R. D., & Zagladi, A. N. (2024). The Influence of Leadership Style on Employee Performance through Employee Involvement at Pt. Inti Dragon Suryatama. Journal of Development Innovation, 12(3), 1–10.
Pujiastutianingsih, K., & Ricky, R. (2023). Implementation of Servant Leadership at "X" Christian High School in Surabaya. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 6(2), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.9744/petraijbs.6.2.146-156
Putra, S., Tuerah, P., Mesra, R., Sukwika, T., Sarman, F., Nir, Nuzulul Arifin, Nuruzzaman, M., Susmita, N., Nilawati, Sari, Mike Nurmalia, Ladjin, N., Mulyapradana, A., Sinaga, Enny Keristiana, & Akbar, Jakub Saddam. (2023). QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS: theories and practical guides for quantitative data analysis. In Qualitative Research Methods (Issue May 2024). http://repository.unpas.ac.id/30547/5/BAB III.pdf
Ramdhani, G., Pintor, S., & Patiro, S. (2024). The Mediation Role of Job Satisfaction on the Performance of Employees of the Education Office. Jimkes, 12(6), 2241–2250. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v12i6.2915
Rosier, K., Llaugel, F., & Ridley, D. (2024). A Corporate Managerial Framework for Collaboration Skills Training of Employees From Formerly Oppressed Communities. Journal of Applied Business and Economics, 26(3), 155–176. https://doi.org /10.33423/jabe.v26i3.7139
Rossi, L., Pasca, M. G., Arcese, G., & Poponi, S. (2024). Innovation, researcher and creativity: A complex indicator for territorial evaluation capacity. Technology in Society, 77(April), 102545. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2024.102545
Sagara, Y., Permatasari, I., & Soemantri, R. (2020). The Effect of Need for Achievement on Job Performance with Budgetary Participation as an Intervening Variable. Journal of Accounting & Tax Research (JRAP), 7(01), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.35838/jrap.v7i01.1526
Shaasha, I., Msabah, B. A., Shaasha, I., Msabah, B. A., & Kyule, A. K. (2024). Moderating Effect of Empowerment on Servant Leadership and Church Spiritual Growth Moderating Effect of Empowerment on Servant Leadership and Church Spiritual Growth. American Journal of Leadership and Governance, 9(2), 38–63.
Silalahi, M., Candra, V., Grace, E., Simatupang, S., & Julyanthry, J. (2022). Servant Leadership and Its Influence on Employee Performance. International Journal of Educational Review, Law And Social Sciences (IJERLAS), 2(2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijerlas.v2i2.232
Siregar, B., Putra, R., & Akmal, N. (2024). Construct Analysis of AMDA Model Syntax Using the Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Square ( SEM-PLS ) Method. 10(10), 8219–8226. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i10.9041
Smith, C. (2005). Servant leadership : the leadership theory of Robert K Greenleaf. Leadership Quarterly, 1–17.
Sugiarti, E. (2022). The role of leadership in efforts to improve the quality of work, supported by strengthening work morale. SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF REFLECTION: Economics, Accounting, Management and Business, 5(1), 133–140. https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v5i1.439
Syaputra, H., Prahastiwi, D. P., Dewi, R., & Sari, N. (2019). Crime Statistics 2024. In Directorate of Social Resilience Statistics (Vol. 11, Issue 1). http://scioteca.caf.com /bitstream/handle/123456789/1091/RED2017-Eng-8ene.pdf?sequence=12&isAllowed=y%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.06.005%0Ahttps://www.researchgate.net/publication/305320484_SISTEM_PEMBETUNGAN_TERPUSAT_STRATEGI_MELESTARI
Tyaningsih, S., & Nurachadijat, K. (2023). The Influence of Leadership Style and Motivation in an Organization. Journal on Education, 6(1), 3286–3299. https://doi.org /10.31004/joe.v6i1.2999
Wijaya, N. S. K., & Saputra, E. T. (2024). Factors Affecting Managerial Performance in Regional Apparatus Organizations in Boyolali Regency. Jekombis : Journal of Management and Business Economics Research, 3(4), 01–23.
Published
2025-06-08
How to Cite
Ibnu Ghazali, Z. B., & Hanif Mauludin. (2025). The Influence of Servant Leadership on Employee Performance with Managerial Skills as Mediator . International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 3(02), 304-320. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v3i02.1878
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